Лекция: Обобщающие местоимения (Universal Pronouns)
Every – каждый, всякий (everybody, everyone, everything); each – каждый; other / another – другие / другой; either– тот, другой; all – весь, все, вся; both – оба, обе и т.д.
1. Each соотносится с ограниченным кругом предметов или лиц: Each student in the group knows laws.
Every соотносится с неопределенным кругом лиц или предметов: Every student gets a students’ card.
2. Another употребляется при существительном в единственном числе: Give me another book, please.
Other употребляется в существительным в единственном числе с определенным артиклем в значении «другой из двух»: The house is in the other side of the street. Other может употребляться во множественном числе (другие): But: Give me any other pen.
3. Either … or означает «или … или»: He speaks with a foreign accent. He is either. Spanish or Italian.
Neither … nor означает «ни …ни»: Neither Ann nor Tom came to the party.
Exercises.
I. Заполните пропуски местоимениями both, neither, either.
1. – Do you want tea or coffee?
– … I really don’t mind.
2. It was a good football match. — … teams played well.
3. – Were your parents at the party?
– No, … my father … my mother could come. … were busy at office.
4. … you apologise … I’ll never speak to you again.
5. – Is today the 18th or the 19th?
– … It’s the 20th.
II. Составьте предложения по образцу.
Model 1. Tom was late. So was Ann. – Both Tom and Ann were late.
Примечание. So was Annозначает «и Анна тоже». Обратите внимание на форму глагола to be: was заменяется were (множественное число).
Model 2. He didn’t write. He didn’t telephone. –
He neither wrote nor telephoned.
Примечание. Обратите внимание на отсутствие отрицания при глаголе. Используйте формы прошедшего времени глаголов.
1. The hotel wasn’t clean. And it wasn’t comfortable. – The hotel was neither …
2. It was a very boring film. It was very long too. – The film was … .
3. Is that man’s name Richard? Or is it Robert? It’s one of the two. – That man’s name …
4. I haven’t got the time to go on holiday. And I haven’t got the money. – I have got … .
5. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow-whichever you prefer. – We … .
6. George doesn’t smoke. And he doesn’t drink …
7. Tom speaks Russian. So does Mike-Both … .
8. My new flat is larger than my old flat. And it is closer to my office. – My new flat is both … .
9. Peter passed the exam easily. And Paul passed the exam easily. – Both …
Unit 5