Реферат: The History of Alaska (история Аляски)

Municipal EducationalInstitution

Lyceum № 130 “RAVES”

Exampaper.

The History of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.

Student: <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Protopopova</st1:City> <st1:State w:st=«on»>N.S.</st1:State></st1:place>, M-111

Teacher: Shipulina O.N.

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Barnaul</st1:City></st1:place>,2005

Contents:

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……3

1. Origins of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>’s Groups……………………………………………………………………..…………4

The Eskimos

The Aathabascans

Aleuts

The <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Northwest</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Coast</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> Indians

2. From the Russian Empire to the <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>……………………………………………………………7

3. <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>today………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

Geography

Government

Business

Transport

4. The most important dates in the historyof <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>……………………….…………11

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..17

The list of literature………………………………………………………………………………………….…18

Introduction.

Undoubtedly, the history is one of themost interesting and most important sciences. It incorporates experience ofeach person and all mankind. The history acquaints us with process ofdevelopment of a mankind. Behind acts and decisions of separate people, behindactions of weights there is a bright, many-sided and unique image of the world,different continents, the countries and people. To understand history of theNative land, it is necessary to understand world history. In the exam paper Iwill tell about history of <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State> – history,which connects two great powers — <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:country-region>and the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>USA</st1:country-region></st1:place>.The purpose of the given work is to study political and social life of <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:place></st1:State>, its daily life,material, spiritual and religious culture. I will tell about the reasons andconsequences of historical events of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>,I will cite statistical data. To be prepared of this exam paper I used theeducational and scientific literature and materials of periodic printededitions.

1. Origins of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>’sNative Groups

.

No one knows exactly when people first found the landthat would be called <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.Some anthropologists believe that people migrated from Asia to <st1:place w:st=«on»>North America</st1:place> 40,000 years ago. Others argue it was asrecent as 15,000 years ago.
Whenever, the consensus is that they came from Asia by way of a northern landbridge that once connected Siberia and <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.
That land bridge, now recalled as Beringia, was the first gateway to <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>. But these firstvisitors were hardly tourists intent on exploring new worlds. Rather they weresimply pursuing their subsistence way of life as they followed great herds ofgrazing mammals across the grassy tundra and gentle steppes of Beringia.
Some groups settled in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Arctic</st1:place>. Otherstraversed the mountain passes to other parts of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>. While still others migrated through <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>, continuing on to distant lands--perhaps as far as<st1:place w:st=«on»>South America</st1:place>.
Those who made <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:place></st1:State>their permanent home make up the state’s four major anthropological groups:Eskimos, Aleuts, Athabascans, and Northwest Coast Indians.
While all four groups shared certain basic similarities--all hunted, fished andgathered food--they developed distinctive cultures and sets of skills.

The Eskimos:

Flexible Residents of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Arctic</st1:place>.

The Eskimos were primarily a coastal people, settingalong the shores of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Arctic</st1:place> and Beringseas.
For millennia they lived a simple, subsistence life--much as they still dotoday--by harvesting the fish and mammals of the seas, the fruits and game ofthe land. Somehow they learned how to thrive despite the demanding conditionsof the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Arctic</st1:place>.
Their sense of direction was keen, almost uncanny. Travelling in a straightline, sometimes through snowstorms and whiteouts, they found their way aroundthe mostly featureless terrain by noting wind direction, the position of thestars, the shape and size of a snowdrift. And they were resourceful. In a landwhere the summer sun stays at eye-level for weeks on end, never setting belowthe horizon, the Eskimos fashioned the first sun-visor--which also doubled as asnow mask to protect their eyes from the wind-driven snow.

The Athabascans:

Nomads of the Interior.

Like the Eskimos, the Athabascans were skilful hunters, but they depended moreon large land mammals for their subsistence--tracking moose and migratingcaribou.
When it came to fishing, the Athabascans were absolutely ingenious, snaringfish with hooks, lures, traps and nets that are the fascination of modern dayanglers who visit their camps.
Generally nomadic, they lived in small, simply organized bands of a fewfamilies, and whenever possible pitched their camps in the sheltered whitespruce forests of the Interior. Some adventurous tribes, however, wandered allthe way to the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Southwest United States</st1:place> tobecome kin to the Navajos and Apaches.

Aleuts:

Born of the Sea.

For the Aleuts, life centred on the sea as they distributed themselves amongthe 70-some islands in the Aleutian chain across the North Pacific.
Life here was somewhat more benign that in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Arctic</st1:place>,though wind storms were sometimes strong enough to blow rocks around.
Since their food supply was rich, varied and readily available, the Aleuts hadtime to develop a complex culture. Evidence indicates that they practicedsurgery and that their elaborate burial rituals included embalming. Instrumentsutensils, even their boats were made with amazing beauty and exact symmetry. Andeverything was fashioned for a specific purpose--the Aleuts used 30 differentkinds of harpoon heads for different species of game!
Skilled navigators and sailors, the Aleuts had the dubious distinction of beingthe first to encounter the white man...Russian fur traders who took them asslaves to harvest the fur seals in the Pribilofs.PRIVATE

The <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Northwest</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Coast</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> Indians:

High Society of <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:place></st1:State>’ssoutheast.

The milder, more temperate climate and an unlimited supply of salmon and otherseafood’s enabled the Northwest Coast Indians to evolve a way of life quitedifferent from the Eskimos, Aleuts and Athabascans. They settled in year-roundpermanent villages, took slaves and lived their lives according to the strictrules, rituals, and regulations of their respective clans. Their artwork wasnothing less than masterful...beautiful blankets, finely woven cedar bark and spruceroot baskets magnificent totem creations.Natives, who make up 15 percent of the state's population, maintain manytraditions, such as whaling, subsistence hunting and fishing, and old ways ofmaking crafts and art. Native heritage history and culture can be found in suchdiverse places as <st1:City w:st=«on»>Ketchikan</st1:City>, <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Anchorage</st1:City></st1:place> and Kotzebue, as well as inhundreds of villages where people live in traditional ways.
But while Native culture, as a whole, may define much of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>'s appearance, the state contains abroad mixture of cultures. In <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Anchorage</st1:City></st1:place>,for example, the school district has found that its student body comes fromhomes that speak 83 languages. <st1:City w:st=«on»>Anchorage</st1:City>, thestate's biggest city, has many <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>influences but is also sometimes called Los Anchorage for its Lower 48-stylearchitecture and mannerisms. Most residents of <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>were born outside the state, and when they came to <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place> they brought their own traditions anddesires.
There are European influences as well. <st1:City w:st=«on»>Petersburg</st1:City>,in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Inside Passage</st1:place>, has a strongScandinavian heritage. Cordova and <st1:City w:st=«on»>Valdez</st1:City> bearnames bestowed by a Spanish explorer; <st1:place w:st=«on»>Cook Inlet</st1:place>is named for a British explorer; Russians left a legacy of the OrthodoxChurch in much of the state.

2. From the Russian Empire to the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States of America</st1:country-region></st1:place>.

The first written accounts indicate that the firstEuropeans to reach <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State> came from <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:country-region></st1:place>.Vitus Bering sailed east and saw <st1:address w:st=«on»>Mt. St. Elias</st1:address>.The Russian-American Company hunted otters for their fur. The colony was neververy profitable, because of the costs of transportation.

At the instigation of U.S. Secretary of State WilliamSeward, the United States Senate approved the purchase of <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>from <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:country-region> for $7,200,000on 9 April 1867, and the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> flag was raised on 18 October of thatsame year (now called Alaska Day). The first American governor of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place> was WłodzimierzKrzyżanowski. The

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image012.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1030"> purchase was not popular in the continental <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region>, where <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>became known as «Seward's Folly» or «Seward's Icebox». <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place> celebrates thepurchase each year on the last Monday of March, calling it Seward's Day.

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image014.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1031">President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Alaska StatehoodAct into <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region> lawon 7 July 1958 which paved the way for <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>'sadmission into the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Union</st1:place>.

The name "<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>"is most likely derived from the Aleut word for «great country» or«mainland.» The natives called it «Alyeska», meaning«the great land.» It is bordered by the <st1:State w:st=«on»>Yukon Territory</st1:State> and <st1:State w:st=«on»>British Columbia</st1:State>, <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Canada</st1:country-region> to the east, the Gulf of Alaska and thePacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Chukchi</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Sea</st1:PlaceType>to the west, and the Beaufort Sea and the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Arctic Ocean</st1:place>to the north.

In 1976, thepeople of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>amended the state's constitution, establishing the Alaska Permanent Fund. Thefund invests a portion of the state's mineral revenue, including revenue fromthe Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System, 'to benefit all generations of Alaskans.' InJune 2003, the fund's value was over $24 billion.

Over the years various vessels have been named USSAlaska, in honor of the state.

During World War II outlying parts of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place> were occupied byJapanese troops. It was the only part of the <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> to have land occupiedduring the war.

3. <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>today.

Geography.

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image016.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1046"> <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>is the only state that is both in <st1:place w:st=«on»>North America</st1:place>and not part of the 48 contiguous states. <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>is the largest state in the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> in terms of land area, 570,374 squaremiles (1,477,261 km²). If you superimposed a map of <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>on the Lower 48 states, <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State> would stretchfrom <st1:State w:st=«on»>Minnesota</st1:State> to <st1:State w:st=«on»>Texas</st1:State>and from <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Georgia</st1:country-region> to <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>California</st1:State></st1:place>.

One scheme for describing the state's geography is bylabeling the regions:

•

South Central Alaska is the southerncoastal region with towns, cities, and petroleum industrial plants;

•

The Alaska Panhandle, also known as <st1:place w:st=«on»>Southeast Alaska</st1:place>, is home to towns, tidewater glaciersand extensive forests;

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image018.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1049">•

the Alaska Interior has big rivers, such as the Yukon Riverand the Kuskokwim River, as well as Arctic tundra lands and shorelines; and

•

The Alaskan Bush is the remote, uncrownedpart of the state.

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska

</st1:State></st1:place>, with its numerous islands, has nearly <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«34,000 miles» w:st=«on»>34,000 miles</st1:metricconverter> (<st1:metricconverter ProductID=«54,700 km» w:st=«on»>54,700 km</st1:metricconverter>) of tidalshoreline. The island chain extending west from the southern tip of <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State> is called the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Aleutian Islands</st1:place>. Many active volcanoes are found in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Aleutians</st1:place>.

<st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State> is the easternmost state in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Union</st1:place>.The <st1:place w:st=«on»>Aleutian Islands</st1:place> actually cross longitude180°.

<st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska

</st1:State>'s most populous city is <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Anchorage</st1:City></st1:place>,home of 260,284 people, 225,744 of whom live in the urbanized area. It ranks adistant third in the List of U.S. cities by area. <st1:City w:st=«on»>Sitka</st1:City>ranks as the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>America</st1:country-region></st1:place>'slargest city by area, followed closely by Junea.

Government.

Much of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>is managed by the federal government as national forests, national parks, andnational wildlife refuges. There are places in <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place> that are general public lands (BLMland) but they are arguably more spectacular than many national parks in theLower 48. Many of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>'sstate parks would be national parks if they were in other states.

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image020.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1048"><img src="/cache/referats/19360/image022.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1047">Much of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>is managed by corporations called ANCSA, or native, corporations, of whichthere are thirteen regional ones and dozens of local ones.

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska

</st1:State></st1:place> has no counties in the sense used in the rest of the country; however,the state is divided into 27 census areas and boroughs. The difference betweenboroughs and census areas is that boroughs have an organized area-widegovernment, while census areas are artificial divisions defined by the UnitedStates Census Bureau.

Business.

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image024.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1050"><st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska

</st1:place></st1:State>'s main agriculture output is seafood, although nursery stock, dairyproducts, vegetables, and livestock are produced and used internally.Manufacturing is limited, with most foodstuffs and general goods imported fromelsewhere. Employment is primarily in government and industries such as naturalresource extraction, shipping, and transportation. There is also a small butgrowing service and tourism sector. Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum,natural gas, coal, gold, precious metals, zinc and other mining, seafoodprocessing, timber and wood products.

Transport.

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska

</st1:State></st1:place> has various transportation options. Some of <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>is connected by roads (and sometimes a tunnel) to the highways of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Canada</st1:country-region> and of the rest of the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place>. These places are«on the road system». Along the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Pacific Ocean</st1:place>,many places have freight and passenger service from ocean-going ships. Mostplaces have air service, ranging from jets on tarmac to floatplanes on lakes.

4. The mostimportant dates in the history of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.

August 21

- In <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1732, a» w:st=«on»>1732, a</st1:metricconverter>Russian expedition under

surveyor Mikhail Gvozdev sights

the <st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State>mainland at <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Cape</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Prince</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>

of<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Wales</st1:country-region></st1:place>.

July 16

- In 1741

, Vitus Bering, on St. Elias Day, sights the Alaskan

mainland. In honour of the saint, the most

prominent peak was named; this was the firstpoint

on the northwest coast named by Europeans.

December 8

- In 1741

, Vitus Bering died after his ship was wrecked on an

island offthe Alaskan coast.

September 25

- In <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1745, a» w:st=«on»>1745, a</st1:metricconverter>Russian fur hunter, Mikhail Nevodchikov, reaches

<st1:place w:st=«on»>Attu</st1:place> in his search for sea otters.

May 12

- In 1778

, Captain James Cook entered <st1:place w:st=«on»>Prince William Sound</st1:place>.

May 26

- In 1778

, Captain James Cook entered <st1:place w:st=«on»>Cook Inlet</st1:place>.

August 25

- In 1778

, Captain James Cook turned back south

July

- In 1786

, while charting <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Lituya</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Bay</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, 2 small boats are

swamped byrip tides, and 21 French sailors drown.

July 8

- In 1799

, the Russian American Company is formed by Royal

Charter; they were given a 20-year monopoly on

trading on the coast from55 degrees north.

March

- In 1812

, the Russian American Company establishes a post at

<st1:City w:st=«on»>Fort Ross</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st=«on»>California</st1:State> togrow crops for their <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.

September

- In 1848

, the <st1:City w:st=«on»>Hudson</st1:City>'s Bay Company builds <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Fort</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Selkirk</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>,at

theconfluence of the Pelly and <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Rivers</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>.

— In 1852, <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Fort</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Selkirk</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>is destroyed by a group of Tlingits who

objected to the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Hudson</st1:City></st1:place>'s Bay Company trying to

breakthe Tlingit monopoly on trade with the

interior tribes.

<img src="/cache/referats/19360/image028.jpg" align=«left» hspace=«12» v:shapes="_x0000_s1051">March30

- In 1867

, the <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region>purchased <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:place></st1:State>for

$7,200,000

July 23

- In 1867

, <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:place></st1:State>'sfirst post office is authorized, to

be opened at <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Sitka</st1:City></st1:place>.

October 18

- In 1867

, official ceremonies at <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Sitka</st1:place></st1:City>transferred

<st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State> from <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:country-region>to the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place>.

July 27

- In 1868

, the Customs Act is amended to include <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.

October 7

- In 1869

, the prediction of a total solar eclipse by American

scientistGeorge Davidson so impressed Kohklux,

chiefof the Chilkat Indian <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>village</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Klukwan</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>, he

drewhim an incredibly detailed map of a vast part

of theinterior of the <st1:State w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:State> and <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.

- In 1871

, of the 41 whaling ships hunting in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Bering Sea</st1:place>,

32 are trapped by early ice; all of the 1,200people

on the ships escaped, but 31of the ships were

destroyed the followingspring.

August

- In 1876

, twelve whaling ships are trapped by ice near Point

Barrow; 50 men die attempting to reach safety.

July 2

- In 1882

, George Krause becomes the first white man

allowed to cross the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Chilkat</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Pass</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> to the interior.

— In <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1894, a» w:st=«on»>1894, a</st1:metricconverter>resolution of the Privy Council authorizes the

North-West Mounted Police into the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:State></st1:place> «in

theinterests of peace and good government, in

the interests also of the publicrevenue." By June

26,Inspector Charles Constantine and Staff-

SergeantCharles Brown were at <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Juneau</st1:place></st1:City>,heading

for thegoldfields of the British Yukon.

October 2

- In 1895

, the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>North-west</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Territories</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> was dividedinto the

Districts of Franklin, Mackenzie, Ungava and

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:State></st1:place>.

August17

- In <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1896, a» w:st=«on»>1896, a</st1:metricconverter>party consisting of George Carmack, his wife

Kate, Skookum Jim, Tagish Charlie and Patsy

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Henderson</st1:City></st1:place> stake placer gold claims on Rabbit

Creek, and rename the creek<st1:place w:st=«on»>Bonanza Creek</st1:place>.

July 14

- In 1897

, the Excelsior reaches <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>San Francisco</st1:place></st1:City> with the first

large shipment of <st1:place w:st=«on»>Klondike</st1:place>gold.

July 17

- In 1897

, the <st1:City w:st=«on»>Portland</st1:City> reached <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Seattle</st1:City></st1:place> with a large shipment

of <st1:place w:st=«on»>Klondike</st1:place>, turning the excitement caused by the

Excelsior's arrival at <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>San Francisco</st1:place></st1:City> into an all-out

gold rush.

- In 1898, gold was discovered near the future site of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Nome</st1:place></st1:City>,

triggering a stampede.

- In <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1898, a» w:st=«on»>1898, a</st1:metricconverter>series of 5 avalanches in the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Chilkoot</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Pass</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>between

2:00 AM andnoon killed over 70 people.

June 13

- In 1898

, the <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Yukon Territory</st1:place></st1:State>is created.

July 29

- In 1900

, the White Pass & Yukon Route railroad was

completed, with the Golden Spike driven at

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Carcross</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:State></st1:place>.

- In 1900

, Congress authorized a massive telegraph construction

project in <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:State></st1:place>.

July 22

- In 1902

, Felice Pedroni («Felix Pedro») discovered gold in

the Tanana Hills, causing a stampede which

resulted in the founding of <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Fairbanks</st1:City></st1:place>.

May

- In 1904

, the first commercial wireless communication

facility in the <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>U.S.</st1:country-region>opened, between <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Nome</st1:City></st1:place>and St.

Michael.

May 7

- In 1906

, the Alaska Delegate Act was passed by Congress,

giving theterritory's 40,000 people the right to elect

anon-voting delegate to Congress.

August 24

- In 1912

, the Alaska Territorial Act was passed by Congress.

July 3

- In 1913

, the first airplane in <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Alaska</st1:place></st1:State>made a demonstration

flight at <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Fairbanks</st1:City></st1:place>,piloted by James V. Lilly.

March 12

- In <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1914, a» w:st=«on»>1914, a</st1:metricconverter>bill authorizing the construction of the

government-financed Alaska Railroad was signed by

PresidentWilson. Construction started in 1915, and

somesections were opened as they were completed,

butthe entire line, running from Seward to <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Fairbanks</st1:City></st1:place>,

wasnot completed until July 15, 1923.

October 25

- In 1918

, the coastal steamer Princess Sophia sunk near

<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Juneau</st1:place></st1:City>,killing 463 people, about 10% of the

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:State></st1:place>'swhite population.

- In 1919

, the <st1:State w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Yukon</st1:place></st1:State>finally allowed women to vote in Territorial

elections. <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:State w:st=«on»>Manitoba</st1:State></st1:place>had been the first province to

enfranchise w

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