Реферат: Great Britain (Великобритания)

<st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>GREAT BRITAIN</st1:place></st1:country-region>

         The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandoccupies territory of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>British Isles</st1:place> whichare situated to the north-west of <st1:place w:st=«on»>Europe</st1:place>. Theyconsist of two main islands: <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Ireland</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region> is in the south of the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>island</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>, <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Scotland</st1:place></st1:country-region> is inthe north and <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Wales</st1:place></st1:country-region>is in the west. <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Northern Ireland</st1:place></st1:country-region> is situated in the north-easternpart of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Ireland</st1:place></st1:country-region>.Its western coast is washed by the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Atlantic Ocean</st1:place>.In the east the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>island</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> iswashed by the <st1:place w:st=«on»>North Sea</st1:place>. The <st1:place w:st=«on»>Irish Sea</st1:place>, the <st1:place w:st=«on»>North Channel</st1:place> and the <st1:place w:st=«on»>St. George’s Channel</st1:place> separate <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Ireland</st1:place></st1:country-region> from <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>is separated from <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>France</st1:place></st1:country-region>by the <st1:place w:st=«on»>English Channel</st1:place>, which is 32 km wide inits narrowest part. In everyday speech “<st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>” is used to mean the <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>.

         The climate of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> is usually described ascool, temperate and humid. As the weather changes with a wind, and <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> isvisited by winds from different parts of the world, the most characteristicfeature of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>’sweather is its variability. Summers are not hot and winters are not cold in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Thesnow never lies for long on the ground. As a rule there is no ice on the watersof rivers and lakes. So we may say that the British climate has 3 mainfeatures: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it’s never too hotor too warm.

Weather changes very often.           

         English is the official, but not the only language used inthe country.       

         <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>has been many centuries in the making. The Romans conquered most part of<st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>,but were unable to subdue the fiercely independent tribes in the West and inthe North. Further waves of invaders followed: Angels, Saxons, Jutes, Vikingsand <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Normans</st1:place></st1:City>.All these contributed to the mixture we call English. For many centuries thiscountry was known simply as <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.It had a strong army and navy. It waged numerous colonial wars. <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>, oncethe “work shop of the world”, was the first to become a highly industrialcountry.

         There are no big rivers in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The biggest are <st1:place w:st=«on»>Severn</st1:place> and <st1:place w:st=«on»>Thames</st1:place>. The <st1:place w:st=«on»>Severn</st1:place> in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>is the longest river. It is 350 kilometers long. It flows south – west into the<st1:place w:st=«on»>Irish Sea</st1:place>.   There area lot of mountains in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>, but they are nit high. The highestmountain — <st1:place w:st=«on»>Ben Nevis</st1:place> — is in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Scotland</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Theflora of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>British Isles</st1:place> is much varied andthe fauna is similar to that of the north-west of <st1:place w:st=«on»>Europe</st1:place>.The country is not very rich in natural resources but there were suffice forthe Industrial Revolution to start.

<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>

        

<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is the capital ofthe <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>.

 It was founded by the Romans. It is very oldcity. It is two thousand years old. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is only the capital of the country; it is also a huge port.

 <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is situated upon both banks of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Thames</st1:place>.There are 17 bridges across the river. The population of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City> is over 8 million people.

<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>has got three partsof <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>, the <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place>, and the <st1:place w:st=«on»>East End</st1:place>.The City of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is the oldest part of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.You can see narrow streets and pavements there. There are many offices, filmsand banks in this part of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.The City of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is the financial centre of the <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>.

The <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place> is the centre of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.There are many sights in the <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place>. Theyare many, for example, the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben. It is interestingthat the clock “Big Ben” came into service in 1859. Big Ben is biggest clockbell in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>.It weight 13.5 tons.

The other interesting place isWestminster Abbey, which was founded in 1050. It is situated in the centre of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>. Many greatEnglishmen were buried in the Abbey: <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Newton</st1:place></st1:City>,Darvin and others.

The official <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City> residence of the Queen is <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Buckingham</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Palace</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. It was built in the 18thcentury. There are many nice squares in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.<st1:Street w:st=«on»><st1:address w:st=«on»>Trafalgar Square</st1:address></st1:Street>is one of them and it is in the centre of <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place>.One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square.

There are many museums,libraries and galleries in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.The Gallery is one of the well – known galleries in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer.He was found of paintings and collected many pictures.

The <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>British</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Museum</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>is a very interesting place in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.It was founded in 1753. The library of this museum has a lot of books.

The East End of London is thedistrict for the working people. There are many factories, workshops, docksthere. There are many cars and buses in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.There is a tube (an underground) in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>,too. It is a nice one.

One can say that the City isthe money of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>,the <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place> is the goods of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>, the <st1:place w:st=«on»>East End</st1:place>is the hands of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.

* * *

<st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>is highly industrialized,this was the country in which the earliest developments of modern industry.

 The <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> is a parliamentarymonarchy. A parliament is the group of people who make the laws of theircountry. British laws are made in the House of Lords and the House of Commons.The main political parties in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> are the Conservative, Labour,Liberal and Social – Democratic Parties.             

The largest cities of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>besides <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>are: <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Birmingham</st1:place></st1:City>,<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Glasgow</st1:place></st1:City>, <st1:place w:st=«on»>Liverpool</st1:place>, <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Manchester</st1:place></st1:City>,<st1:place w:st=«on»>Sheffield</st1:place>, <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Bristol</st1:place></st1:City>, <st1:place w:st=«on»>Leeds</st1:place>,and <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Edinburgh</st1:place></st1:City>.The most important seaports are: <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>,<st1:place w:st=«on»>Liverpool</st1:place>, <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Belfast</st1:place></st1:City>, <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Glasgow</st1:place></st1:City> and <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Cardiff</st1:place></st1:City>.

        

Литература:Т. Ю. Журкина «55 устных тем по английскому языку»

МИНЕСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

МОСКОВСКАЯГОСУДАРСТВЕНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ

ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЯИ ИНФОРМАТИКИ

Реферат по английскому языку

на тему:

«GreatBritain» 

Выполнил:

Курс:

Специальность:

Группа:

Преподаватель:

г. Сергиев Посад

2004 г.

еще рефераты
Еще работы по иностранным языкам