Реферат: Section A Grammar reference
--PAGE_BREAK--V
. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accountable accounting assisted Board charge personnel report responsible subsidiaries
1. Our firm is based in the <country-region w:st=«on»>USA</country-region>, and we have three _______ in <place w:st=«on»>Europe.
2. What do you do? – I’m a Sales Manager and I’m _________ for the distribution of our goods.
3. I’m accountable to the Production Manager, so I __________ to him every week.
4. The major service industries should be _______ to their customers.
5. Who ________ you in the preparation of this report?
6. We have improved our ________ policy lately. Now our employees are more experienced.
7. Mr. Brown is our Sales Manager. He is in ________ of the Sales Department.
8. The ________ of Directors is responsible for taking decisions.
9. Michael has always been good at mathematics and he has decided to study ________.
UNIT 12
Section A (Grammar reference)
The Past Perfect Tense (
Предпрошедшее
время
)
Past Perfectобразуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to
haveв форме прошедшего времени (had) и Past
Participle
смыслового глагола.
PastPerfectупотребляется для выражения действия, которое закончилось до определенного момента в прошлом.
Этот момент может быть выражен:
точным указанием времени с предлогом by:
They had finished discussing the terms of delivery only by 7o’clock yesterday.
Вчера они закончили обсуждать условия доставки только к 7часам.
другим прошедшим действием:
Whenwe arrived at the airport the plane had already landed.
Когда мы приехали в аэропорт, самолет уже приземлился.
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в
Past
Perfect
.
1. We returned the contract to the customer because he (not to sign) it.
2. They couldn’t get into the office because the manager (to leave) the keys at home.
3. We (to finish) our work by 6 o’clock.
4. It was difficult to operate this machine because we (not to do) it before.
5. We arrived at work and found that somebody (to break) into the office during the night.
6. Jack realized that he (to make) a serious mistake.
II.
Раскройте
скобки
,
употребляя
глагол
в
Past Simple
или
Past Perfect.
1. After we (to study) the prices we (to sign) the contact.
2. I couldn’t get the job. They (to find) someone else before my resume (to arrive).
3. Before we (to invite) the partners to the factory we (to make) all the necessary arrangements.
4. Before the director (to go) on business the secretary (to reserve) a room in the hotel for him.
5. After I (to go) through the customs I (to receive) my baggage.
6. After we (to see) the new model at the exhibition we (to place) an order.
7. When they (to arrive) at the airport the registration already (to begin).
8. I (to invite) Jane to the party but she couldn’t come because she (to arrange) something else to do.
9. Liz (not to want) to go to the exhibition because she already (to visit) it before.
III
. Закончите предложения используя
Past
Perfect
.
1. I didn't want to watch the news because I …
2. The secretary phoned to say that the customer…
3. Yesterday we sent a letter to our partners to say that …
4. I was looking forward to my trip because I …
5. Before we started the talks we …
REPORTED (INDIRECT) SPEECH (
КОСВЕННАЯ
РЕЧЬ
)
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в настоящем времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении сказуемое употребляется в требуемом по смыслу времени.
We know he lives in <place w:st=«on»><city w:st=«on»>Paris.
Мы знаем, что он живет в Париже.
He says he is watching TV.
Он говорит, чтосмотрит телевизор
Kate says she sent the letter yesterday.
Катя говорит, что отправила письмо вчера.
Mr. Brown is sure they will sign the contract tomorrow.
Мистер Браун уверен, что они подпишут контракт завтра.
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени, то при переводе прямой речи в косвенную соблюдается правило согласования времен, т.е. сказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложения должно быть употреблено в одном из прошедших времен. При этом происходят следующие изменения:
Direct Speech
(Прямая речь)
Reported Speech
(Косвенная речь)
Present Simple → Past Simple
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
Past Simple → Past Perfect
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
Past Perfect → Past Perfect
Future Simple (Will) → Future in the Past (Would)
Для выражения действия, одновременного с действием главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past
Simpleили PastContinuous:
I was surethat he was busy.
Я была уверена, что он занят.
Hesaid he was watching TV.
Он сказал, что смотрит телевизор.
Для выражения действия, предшествующего действию главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past
Perfect:
We knew he had left for <place w:st=«on»><state w:st=«on»>Madrid. Мы знали, что он уехал в Мадрид.
Для выражения последующего (будущего) действия, в придаточном предложении употребляется Future
in
the
Past:
I didn’t doubt that my friends would meet me at the station.
Я не сомневался, что мои друзья встретят меня на станции.
Употребляемые в прямой речи личные и притяжательные местоимения в косвенной речи заменяются по смыслу (например, we
→
they
, mybook→
his
/
her
bookи т.п.).
Следующим образом также заменяются указательные местоимения, обстоятельства места и времени:
Direct Speech
(Прямая речь)
Reported Speech
(Косвенная речь)
this → that
these → those
here → there
now → then
today → that day
yesterday → the day before
ago → before
last (year) → the previous (year)
in → later
tomorrow → the next day/the following day
the day after tomorrow → two days later
next (year) → the following (year)
Повествовательныепредложенияприпереводеизпрямойречивкосвеннуювводятсясоюзом that, которыйможетопускаться:
I hoped (that) they would reduce the price.
Я надеялся, что они снизят цену.
При переводе вопросительных предложений в косвенную речь изменяется порядок слов в предложении – сказуемое ставится после подлежащего:
— Where does John work?
They asked me where John worked.
— Why are you late?
They wanted to know why I was late.
— How will you spend your week-end?
They wondered how I would spend my week-end.
Общие вопросы при переводе в косвенную речь вводятся с помощью союзов if
или whether, соответствующих в русском языке частице ли:
— Have you finished your report?
Mr. Brown asked me if (whether) I had finished my report
Повелительное наклонение в косвенной речи передается инфинитивным оборотом. При передаче просьбы употребляется глагол to
ask
(просить), а для передачи приказания – to
tell(сказать, велеть, приказать).
— Will you show your passport?
The clerk asked me to show my passport.
— Don’t close the window, please.
Jane asked me not to close the window.
— Don’t be late.
They told me not to be late.
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Передайте предложения в косвенной речи. Повествовательные предложения начинайте с
she
(
he
)
said
… вопросительные
с
she(he) asked….
1. The manager made an appointment with customers yesterday.
2. Where have you been?
3. He can’t go to this meeting next week.
4. Can you lend me some money?
5. We don’t sell the goods to this company.
6. What matters are you discussing now?
7. I have just come back from the business trip.
8. He will buy a new model of computer next month.
9. How are you?
10. I have to go now.
11. Where do you work?
12. Why did he retire last year?
13. I’m very busy now.
14. How long have you had this computer?
15. We’ll be in the office on time tomorrow.
16. They are having talks now.
17. Do you have customers abroad?
II
. Закончите предложения, используя выражения в рамке по смыслу в косвенной речи.
Mind your own business! Could you repeat, please.
Will you help me? Hurry up!
Open your bag, please. Don’t tell anybody about it!
1. It was late so I…..
2. The customs officer ….
3. It was a secret so I …
4. She started asking me personal questions so I ….
5. I couldn’t do the work myself so I ….
6. It was difficult to understand the words of the foreign customer so I… продолжение
--PAGE_BREAK--
III
. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужной форме.
1. I met Diana last week. She said that she (work) for another company soon.
2. Charlie was sure that having lunch at the restaurant (be) always expensive.
3. Ann said that she (not enjoy) her job very much.
4. Janet claimed that somebody (steal) her car a few weeks ago.
5. We had no idea if Carol (come) to the management meeting.
6. I wondered if Jane (receive) the letter.
7. We didn’t know how far it (be) to the airport.
8. They asked if the bank (be) near there.
9. She insisted that Dave always (work) very hard.
10. I was looking for the manager but the secretary said that he already (go) home.
Section B.
Text A
STAYING AT HOTEL
The other day Mr. Magon arrived in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Moscow on business. Boris Mitin, the manager, met him at Sheremetjevo airport and took him to the Metropol Hotel. Mr. Mitin had reserved accommodation for Mr. Magon two days before. A hotel porter met him at the door and showed him to the reception desk. Some people were waiting at the desk.
The receptionist gave Mr. Magon a form and asked him to write his name, address, nationality and occupation on it. As Mr. Magon knew Russian well it didn’t take him long to fill in the form. After he had gone through the formalities, the receptionist gave Mr. Magon the key to his room and the porter showed them to the room. Mr. Mitin left the hotel after they had made an appointment for the next morning.
Vocabulary
accommodation n – номервгостинице
fill in n – заполнить
form n – бланк
keyn– ключ
occupationn– профессия, род занятий
receptionistn– администратор (в гостинице)
reservev– зарезервировать, заранее заказать
showtov– провести куда-л.
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Why did Mr. Magon come to <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Moscow?
2. Who met him at the airport?
3. Where did they go from the airport?
4. Who had reserved the room for Mr. Magon?
5. Where did the porter show Mr. Magon to?
6. What did Mr. Magon write in the form?
7. When did the receptionist give him the key?
8. When did Mr. Mitin leave the hotel?
II
. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
1. Mr. Magon came to <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Russia</country-region> on holiday.
2. He was met by Mr. Mitin at Domodedovo airport.
3. Mr. Magon had reserved the room from <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London by telephone.
4. When Mr. Magon came to the hotel, there were no people at the reception desk.
5. Mr. Magon had to fill in a form.
6. Mr. Magon went to his room after he had gone through all the formalities.
7. Mr. Magon and Mr. Mitin made an appointment for the next week.
III
. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
1. reception
2. to fill in
3. to go through
4. to make
5. to reserve
a form
accommodation
an appointment
desk
formalities
IV
. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Can you meet me __ <place w:st=«on»><placename w:st=«on»>Heathrow<placetype w:st=«on»>Airport __ 12.30 __ Monday?
2. Could you fill __ this form, please?
3. Here is the key __ your room.
4. The porter will show you __ your room after you go __ all the formalities.
5. Mr. Mitchell arrived __ Thompson & Co and the secretary showed him __ the Director’s office.
6. We have already reserved accommodation __ the British delegation.
7. When I came __ the hotel, Mr. Brown was waiting __ the reception desk.
V
. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accommodation formalities key occupation reserve show
1. How long did it take you to go through the _________?
2. When did you ________ the room?
3. Could you __________ me to Mr. Wilson’s office, please?
4. I left the __________ at home and I can’t open the door.
5. The price is £200 per person, including flight, hotel __________ and excursions.
6. What is your __________? – I’m a lawyer.
Text B
TELEPHONE MESSAGES
Amanda Hayward is a secretary at Standard Security Systems. Her boss, Peter Dawson, was away on business on Monday. She took several messages for him.
AMANDA
Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office.
MISS DOBSON
Good afternoon. This is Juliet Dobson from Western Video Systems. Mr. Dawson is at the trade fair in <place w:st=«on»>Lyon, isn’t he?
AMANDA
Yes, that’s right. He should be here tomorrow.
MISS DOBSON
Well, can you give him this message first thing in the morning? I’m afraid we must cancel our last order. The customers have changed their minds, again!
AMANDA
Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office.
MR. GONZALEZ
Hello, this is Miguel Gonzalez speaking. Is Peter there?
AMANDA
No, I’m afraid he’s away on business today. Can I pass a message, Mr. Gonzalez?
MR. GONZALEZ
Yes, I may be in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London from the 21st to the 25th. I want to see Peter then, if possible. It’s about the agency in <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Mexico</country-region>.
It’s Tuesday morning. Peter Dawson has just returned to the office after his business trip to <place w:st=«on»>Lyon.
MR. DAWSON
Good morning, Amanda. Were there any messages for me yesterday?
AMANDA
Yes, quite a few. After lunch Miss Dobson phoned. She said that Western Video Systems had to cancel their last order because their customers had changed their minds.
MR. DAWSON
Pity!
AMANDA
Mr. Gonzalez called from <country-region w:st=«on»>Mexico</country-region> to say he might be in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London from 21st to 25th. He said he wanted to see you then.
MR. DAWSON
Oh, good. I hope I can make it. Anything else?
AMANDA
No. That’s it. Coffee?
MR. DAWSON
Please. That would be nice.
Vocabulary
agency n – агентство
cancel v – отменить
change one’s mind – передумать
fair n – ярмарка
give a message – передатьсообщение
pass a message – передатьсообщение
severala– несколько
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What does Amanda Hayward do?
2. Where was Peter Dawson on Monday?
3. When did he come back?
4. Who phoned Mr. Dawson when he was away?
5. Where does Miss Dobson work?
6. Why did Miss Dobson have to cancel the order?
7. Where is Mr. Gonzalez from?
8. When might Mr. Gonzalez be in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London?
9. What did Mr. Gonzalez want to discuss with Mr. Dawson?
II
. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
1. Peter Dawson is Amanda Hayward’s secretary.
2. On Monday Peter was in his office.
3. He was in <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>France</country-region> till Wednesday.
4. Juliet Dobson worked for Western Video Systems.
5. Juliet wanted to increase their last order.
6. Mr. Gonzalez left a message for Mr. Dawson.
7. Mr. Gonzalez was going to stay in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London for three days.
8. He wanted to talk about the agency in <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Mexico</country-region>.
III
. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
6. business
7. to cancel
8. to change
9. to take
10. trade
a message
an order
fair
trip
one’s mind
IV
. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. I wanted to see Mr. Joyce yesterday, but he was ___ ___ business ___ <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Rome.
2. Mr. Jackson ___ Still&Co is coming tomorrow.
3. Did you go ___ <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London last week? – No, I am going there next week. I think I will be there ____ Tuesday ____ Friday.
4. I have to see Mr. Smith as soon as possible. It’s ____ our last order.
5. When did the Director return ___ <city w:st=«on»>Moscow ____ his business trip ___ <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Paris?
V
. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
agency cancel have changed our minds orders pass several trip
1. Good morning, can I speak to Mr. Dunn, please? – I’m afraid he’s away till Friday. Can I ______ him a message?
2. What do you do? – I work for a travel ______ .
3. We began to produce this model last month, but we have already got a lot of _______ from our partners.
4. He has just returned from business _____ to <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London.
5. Are you still going to buy computers from Bond&Co? – No, we ______ after we got their price-list. Their equipment is too expensive.
6. You didn’t deliver the goods in time. We will have to _______ the contract with you.
7. Green&Co are going to open __________ new plants in different cities.
UNIT 13
Section A (Grammar reference)
COMPLEX
OBJECT
(СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ)
Конструкция ComplexObject(сложное дополнение) состоит из существительного или местоимения в объектном падеже (me
,
you
,
him
,
her
,
us
,
them) и инфинитива глагола, который выражает действие, производимое данным лицом или предметом.
На русский язык эта конструкция переводится дополнительным предложением.
<place w:st=«on»>I. После таких глаголов как want(хотеть), expect
(ожидать), ask
(просить), advise (советовать), recommend (рекомендовать) и др., а также выражения would
like
(
love
) (хотел бы) инфинитив употребляется с частицей to
.
Our partners want us to give them a 7 % discount.
Наши партнеры хотят, чтобы мы предоставили им 7 % скидку.
We expected them to arrive at 10.
Мы ожидали, что они приедут в 10.
Would you like your son to become an economist?
Вы хотели бы, чтобы Ваш сын стал экономистом?
II. КонструкцияComplex Object употребляетсятакжепослеглаголовфизическоговосприятияиощущения: to see (видеть),to hear (слышать),to feel (чувствовать),to watch (наблюдать),to notice (замечать).
продолжение
--PAGE_BREAK--
1). Инфинитив после данных глаголов употребляется без частицы to
и указывает на факт совершения действия (действие уже закончилось).
Iheard somebody
cry.
Я услышал, что кто-то закричал.
He feltsomebody enter the room.
Он почувствовал, что кто-то вошел в комнату.
2). Если речь идет о действии в процессе его совершения, вместо инфинитива употребляется Participle
I
.
She watched the children crossing the street.
Она наблюдала, как дети переходят улицу.
III. Глаголы make(заставлять) и let
(позволять) в структуре сложного дополнения требуют после себя употребления инфинитива без частицы to
Let me carry your bag.
Позвольте, я понесу Вашу сумку.
The film made me cry.
Фильм заставил меня всплакнуть.
Если глагол makeупотребляется в страдательном залоге, то инфинитив, следующий за ним, употребляется с частицей to
He was made to sign the contract. Его заставили подписать контракт.
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I.
Составьте
предложения
,
начиная
I want you …/I don’t want you … Do you want me…?
1. (you must go on business).
2. (please, don’t sign the contract)
3. (shall we revise the price?)
4. ( show the machine in operation)
5. (don’t phone the customers tonight)
6. (you must make an appointment)
II
. Закончите предложения для каждой ситуации, используя сложное дополнение.
1. Can I use your phone? — Of course. She let……………
2. I was surprised to meet him. I didn’t expect…………..
3. I’m busy. Come back in ten minutes. I told…………..
4. Open your case, please. The customs officer made …….
5. Don’t stop him doing what he wants. Let …………..
6. You should buy the new model. She advised………
7. Lend me some money, please. He asked ………….
8. Can you introduce me to the manager? I asked………
9. Study the prices before signing the contract. He wanted ……
10. Don’t go there alone. She recommended ….
III
. Закончите предложения, используя правильную форму –
V
ing
или инфинитив без
to
.
1. I didn’t see anybody (leave) the office.
2. I heard the manager (discuss) the terms.
3. We watched the customers (sign) the contract.
4. Did anybody see the machine (work)?
5. I didn’t hear you (come) in.
6. They listened to the sellers (tell) about the latest models.
7. We saw the representatives of the company (study) the prices.
8. I found the secretary (read) the letter.
9. I heard somebody (slam) the door.
10. She felt somebody (touch) her on the shoulder.
Section B
Text A
BUSINESS MEETING
On Friday 11th August Paul Harding looked in his diary. He had an appointment at 11 o’clock with Mr. Rawson, the local manager of the General Company for Foreign Trade.
The GCFT was in the City. Its offices were on the fifth, sixth and seventh floors of a very tall building. The enquiry office was on the ground floor. Inside the company building the woman in the enquiry office telephoned Miss Wells, the manager’s secretary. She arrived and accompanied Paul to her room on the fifth floor. Miss Well had an office next to Mr. Rawson’s. As soon as her boss was free, she buzzed him on the intercom. Mr. Rawson immediately asked her to show Paul into the office.
RAWSON
Ah! Mr. Harding. Come in, please. My name is Rawson.
HARDING
How do you do?
RAWSON
How do you do? Please sit down. Did you have a good trip?
HARDING
Yes, thank you. Not at all bad.
RAWSON
Good! Now this morning I want you to meet some of our heads of Department… Miss Wells, ask Mr. Jones to come in here, please.
WELL
I’m afraid Mr. Jones is not available… Mr. Smith is not available either. But Mrs. Collier’s here.
RAWSON
Good. Ask her to come in, please. When were you here last, Mr. Harding?
HARDING
Oh! I was here about six months ago.
RAWSON
Did you meet Mrs. Collier then?
HARDING
No, I didn’t I’m afraid.
RAWSON
Well, she’s my Personal Assistant. You will like her. She’s a very charming lady… Ah, Mrs. Collier.
COLLIER
Please, don’t get up.
RAWSON
I’d like to introduce you a colleague from <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>America</country-region>. Mrs. Collier, Mr. Harding.
HARDING
How do you do?
COLLIER
How do you do?
Vocabulary
accompany v – сопровождать
appointmentn
– встреча, договоренность о встрече
availablea
– доступный, зд.: свободный, не занятый
arrivev
– приезжать, прибывать
buildingn
– здание
buzzn
– звонить (по телефону)
City – Сити, деловой центр Лондона
enquiryn
– вопрос, запрос
enquiryoffice– справочное бюро
floor n – этаж
ground floor – первый этаж
head n – глава
I’m afraid – Ябоюсь..
immediately adv – немедленно
intercomn
– система внутренней связи, переговорное устройство
introducev– представлять
PersonalAssistant– личный помощник
showsmbintov
– проводить кого-л. куда-л.
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Who did Paul Harding have an appointment with?
2. Where were the company’s offices located?
3. Who accompanied Mr. Harding to the office?
4. Who did Mr. Rawson want Mr. Harding to meet?
5. Could Mr. Harding see Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith?
6. Had Mr. Harding visited GCFT before?
7. Had he met Mrs. Collier before?
8. What’s Mrs. Collier’s position in the company?
II
. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
1. Paul Herding is a businessman.
2. Mr. Harding had an appointment on Saturday.
3. The company occupied three floors of a tall building in the City.
4. A clerk in the enquiry office led Paul to Mr. Rawson’s office.
5. Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith were out at the moment.
6. It was Mr. Harding’s first visit to the GCFT.
7. Mrs. Collier is the head of the Human Resources Department.
III
. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
1. enquiry
2. ground
3. head of
4. local
5. Personal
Assistant
department
floor
manager
office
IV
. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. When I came ___ Blake&Co the secretary met me and showed me ___ the directors office.
2. Mr. Blake is the head ___ the R&D Department.
3. Did anybody accompany you ___ the plant when you visited Carlton Ltd? – Yes, Mr. Black went there ___ us.
4. Come ___, Paul. Sit ___, please.
5. I have an appointment ___ Mr. Stewart ___ 5.30 ___ Friday ____ next week.
V
. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accompany appointment available enquiry office immediately introduce personal assistant showed… into
1. I phoned Mr. Thompson to make an _________ with him for next Wednesday.
2. When I came to GML the secretary _____________ me ___the Director’s office.
3. Let me _______ myself. I’m John Copeland, Sales Manager of Brown&Co.
4. Are you _______ for a meeting tomorrow?
5. I came up to the ________ to find out on which floor Mr. Bond’s office was.
6. Can we visit your plant? – Yes, we’ll be glad to show it to you. I myself will _______ you there.
7. When do you need the goods? – We need them __________. Could you deliver the first lot in a week?
8. Jane is our Director’s ___________. She works as a secretary and helps him to do some of his work.
UNIT 14
Section A (Grammar reference)
GERUND
(ГЕРУНДИЙ)
GERUND vs. INFINITIVE
Герундий – неличная форма глагола, которая сочетает в себе свойства существительного и глагола. Герундий образуется прибавлением окончания -ingк глаголу и выражает название действия.
В русском языке подобной формы нет. На русский язык герундий переводится инфинитивом, отглагольным существительным или придаточным предложением.
Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, после которых употребляется герундий :
accuse
smb
of
-
обвинять кого-либо (в чем-либо)
admit -
apologise
for
-
avoid -
be good at -
be interested in-
can’t help -
can’t stand -
congratulate smb on-
consider -
deny -
enjoy -
feel like -
give up -
go on -
go swimming, etc.-
like
love
imagine -
insist on -
instead of -
it’s worth -
look forward to-
mind -
object to -
postpone -
put off -
stop -
suggest -
thank
smb
.
for -
признавать, допускать
извиняться (за что-либо)
избегать
быть способным к
интересоваться, быть заинтересованным
быть не в состоянии удержаться от чего-либо (не могу не ….)
не выдерживать, не выносить (терпеть не могу)
поздравлять
рассматривать
отрицать, отказываться
получать удовольствие, наслаждаться
хотеть, испытывать желание
бросить, отказаться
продолжать
заниматься плаванием, и т.п.
любить
любить
представлять
настаивать на
вместо; вместо того, чтобы
стоит
с нетерпением ждать
иметь что-либо против, возражать
возражать
откладывать
откладывать
прекращать, перестать
предлагать
благодарить кого-либо за что-либо
Например:
This book is worth reading.
Этукнигустоитпрочитать.
Do you mind my smoking here?
Вы не возражаете, если я здесь закурю?
Every time I see her I can’t help smiling.
Каждый раз, когда я ее вижу, не могу не улыбнуться.
We are looking forward to meeting you in <place w:st=«on»><city w:st=«on»>Moscow.
Cнетерпением ждем встречи с Вами в Москве.
I don’t feel like going to the cinema today.
У меня нет желания идти в кино сегодня.
продолжение
--PAGE_BREAK--
После следующих глаголов употребляется не герундий, а инфинитив:
agree
соглашаться
arrange
decide
expect
fail
forget
hope
manage
need
offer
plan
promise
refuse
seem
want
would like
договариваться, устроить
решать
ожидать
не удаваться
забывать
надеяться
справляться
нуждаться
предлагать
планировать
обещать
отказывать
казаться
хотеть
хотелось бы
Например:
They decided to take part in this project.
Они решили принять участие в этом проекте.
Mr. Smith will agree to give us a discount if we increase our order.
Мистер Смит согласится дать нам скидку, если мы увеличим заказ.
Обратите внимание на различие в значениях действий, выраженных герундием и инфинитивом после глагола to
stop
.
Stop
+
Gerund
выражает прекращение действия:
When he saw his parents he stopped smoking. Когда он увидел своих родителей, он перестал курить.
Stop
+
Infinitive
выражает цель действия:
Before entering the building, he stopped to smoke. Прежде, чем войти в здание, он остановился покурить.
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму
to
V
… или
V
—
ing
I enjoy (visit) other countries. What do you want (do) on the business trip? Good buy! I hope (see) you soon. Have you finished (work) on the computer? I suggest (study) the demand for the goods. Where is the secretary? She promised (be) here on time. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (wait). What have you decided (buy)? The sellers refused (revise) the price. Where is the manager? I need (ask) him something. We started (produce) this model last year. I’m trying (work). Please, stop (talk). On (arrive) at the airport he checked in. He is arriving in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Moscow (sign) the contract. Don’t forget (lock) the office.
II
. Закончите предложения используя
V
–
ing
или
to
V
. Используйте один из глаголов.
see watch help walk make meet wait rain go call
I’m surprised that you are here. I didn’t’t expect…. you. Shall we get a taxi to the office? – But it’s not far. I don’t mind … The secretary has a lot to do, so I offered …. her. What are you doing in the evening? Would you like …. to the restaurant with me? When I’m tired in the evening, I like … television. I offer … a taxi for you. Shall we go now? – No, I’d prefer … a few minutes. I ‘m not going out until it stops … We are looking forward to … you in <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Moscow. I suggest … an appointment at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
III
. Закончите ответы на вопросы.
Do you usually get up early? — Yes, I like… Do you often travel? – Yes, I enjoy… Have you ever been to <city w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>London? No, but I’d love …… Do you eat at home or go to the restaurant? I don’t mind … a restaurant but I’d prefer …. home. Do you ever go to the cinema? –Yes, I love … Do you often write letters? -No, I don’t like … Did you enjoy the flight? –Yes, I always enjoy ….
Section B
Text A
VINOS VELASQUEZ
Calle
Obregón 15
28020 <state w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Madrid
A. Sandbach
Top Up Wines
<place w:st=«on»>High Wycombe
Bucks.
<country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>UK</country-region>
Dear Mr. Sandbach
Thank you for your letter of 12 June in which you stated that, following the visit of your chief buyer Mr. Lindfield, you are considering placing an order for our Sauvignon Blanc table wine.
We can arrange to supply you with an initial order of 1,000 cases, and I enclose our current trade price list, which I believe you will find very competitive. If you decide to go ahead with the order, we will agree to give you a 14% discount you mentioned and details are enclosed. Please note that we guarantee delivering firm orders within four weeks.
You mentioned that you wanted to market the wine under your own brand name, which will involve changing the labels. I would suggest getting the labels printed here because it is probably not worth having them printed in the <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>UK</country-region> and then sending them here. I have contacted our personal printer for a quotation and I hope to be able to send you a firm price.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further queries. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely
A. Velasquez
Alfonso Velasquez
Vocabulary
agree v– соглашаться
be worth doing smth
buyer n – покупатель, закупщик
chiefa
– главный
competitivea
– конкурентоспособный
considerv
– рассматривать, обсуждать
current a – текущий
current trade price list – каталогтекущихоптовыхцен
enclose v – прилагать
enclose with the letter – прилагатькписьму
firm n – твердый
firm order – твердыйзаказ
following a – следующий
further a – дальнейший
go ahead v – продолжать
guaranteev– гарантировать
hesitate
v– сомневаться, не решаться
initiala
– начальный, первоначальный, первый
involve
v– вызывать, влечь за собой
labeln
– ярлык, этикетка
marketv– продавать
mentionv– упоминать
note
v– замечать, обращать внимание
pricelistn– прайс-лист, прейскурант
queryn– вопрос, сомнение
quotationn
– котировка, расценка
statev
– сообщать, заявлять
suggestv
– предлагать
supplyv
– поставлять
withinprep– в течение, не позднее
wortha
– стóящий
Exercises
<place w:st=«on»>I
.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Who is the letter written by?
2. Who is it addressed to?
3. What did Mr. Sandbach say in his letter of 12 June?
4. How big is Mr. Sandbach’s initial order?
5. What is enclosed with the letter?
6. Can Mr. Velasquez offer his customer a discount?
7. What guarantees does Mr. Velasquez give?
8. Why will Top Up Wines have to change the labels?
9. Where will the labels be printed?
10. Who has Mr. Velasquez contacted about the matter of labels?
II
. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
1. Alfonso Velasquez is the Managing Director of Vinos Velasquez, a Spanish company.
2. Mr. Sandbach works for a French firm called Top Up Wines.
3. Top Up Wines is going to sell some wine to Vinos Velasquez.
4. The first order of one thousand cases can be delivered within a month.
5. Mr. Velasquez can offer a discount to Top Up Wines if they place more orders with Vinos Velasquez.
6. Mr. Velasquez enclosed their price list with the letter.
7. If Top UP Vines sell the wine in <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Britain</country-region>, they will have to change the labels.
8. Mr. Velasquez suggests that the labels should be printed in <country-region w:st=«on»><place w:st=«on»>Britain</country-region>.
III
. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
1. brand
2. chief
3. current
4. firm
5. further
6. initial
7. look forward
8. to arrange
buyer
order
price list
name
price
queries
to hearing
supplying
IV
. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Thank you ___ you letter ___ May 21st.
2. We are considering ___ placing an order ___ your company ____ 60 machines.
3. I’m afraid we cannot supply you ___ 5 computers ____ January.
4. We look ___ ___ seeing you.
5. We can guarantee delivery ___ the goods ___ two weeks.
6. If you go ___ ___ buying
7. ____ what brand name are you going to sell the product?
8. You can always contact ___ Mr. Smith ___ further details.
V
. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
competitive enclose guarantee market quotations states suggest supply worth
1. We’ll be able to place an order with your company, if you offer _______ prices.
2. We ______ with the letter some brochures and pricelists.
3. In his letter Mr. White ______ that our machines don’t meet their requirements.
4. We can _______ high quality of our goods.
5. I________ looking through the contract very carefully before we sign it.
6. If you _______ your goods abroad, you’ll face a lot of competition.
7. Could we have your catalogues and _________?
8. We can _______ the goods from our main store.
9. Do you think this offer is ________ considering?
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Упражнение № 1
Ответьте на вопросы, используя страдательный залог. Употребите слова, данные в скобках.
Where are the catalogues usually sent? (to our customers). The catalogues are usually sent to our customers. When was the personnel trained? (6 months ago). The personnel was trained 6 month ago. When will the retailers be phoned? (next week). The retailers will be phoned next week. Why was e-business expanded so soon? (profitable) E-business was expanded so soon because it is profitable Who is constantly reported to if any problems arise? (the Human Resources Department) The Human Resources Department is constantly reported to if any problems arise When will the prices be reduced? (at the end of the year) The prices will be reduced at the end of the year. When was the matter taken up? (yesterday) The matter was taken up yesterday. What terms were accepted? (FOB terms) FOB terms were accepted. Whose engineers are more qualified? (Sony’s) Sony’s engineers are more qualified. Why wasn’t the 1st lot dispatched in November? (because of weather conditions) The 1st lot wasn’t dispatched in November because of weather conditions.
Упражнение № 2
Скажите, что действие, выраженное глаголом, стоящим в скобках, произошло раньше
(Past
Perfect), чем действие в данном вам предложении (Past
Simple) .
Следуйте образцу: …, then called Brown & Co.( She, study quotations )
She had studied quotations, then called Brown & Co.
He had got the instructions, then went on business to London. (He, get the instructions ) We had signed the contract, then delivered our goods .(We, sign the contract ) They had been received our enquiry, then sent their offer for compressions. ( They, received our enquiry ) The sales manager had clarified the terms, then agreed to give us a 2 % discount .( The sales manager , clarify the terms ) He had come back from the meeting, then made an appointment with Mr Dunn. ( He, come back from the meeting ) She had reserved the accommodation, then switched off the computer .( She, reserve the accommodation ) We had guaranteed payment for collection, then they started deliveries .( We, guarantee payment for collection ) The engineer had checked the documents, then left the office .( The engineer , check the documents ) The managers had clarified some business matters, then the customers arrived .( The managers , clarify some business matters ) The market manager had studied the price list, then agreed to place a larger order. ( The market manager, study the price list )
Упражнение № 3
Передайтенижеследующие просьбы, приказы, вопросы и утверждения в косвенной
речи
1. The manager told the secretary, “Phone the subsidiary at once “.
The manager told the secretary phoned the subsidiary at once.
2. The customers asked the Sellers, “ Please, do not delay the goods “.
The customers asked the Sellers didn’t delay the goods.
3. The Buyers insisted ,” We have made all the calculations .”
The Buyers insisted that they had made all the calculations .”
4. The economists said ,” Your discount is too small for such a big order .”
The economists said that their discount was too small for such a big order .
5. They asked the Sellers ,” Who will show the engineers round the test shop ?”
They asked the Sellers who would show the engineers round the test shop.
6. The Sellers asked the Buyers ,” When do you require the goods ?”
7. The Sellers asked the Buyers when did they require the goods.
8. The manager asked his team ,” Why didn’t you asked for a discount ?”
The manager asked his team why didn’t they asked for a discount.
9. Mr Strong asked the managers ,” Have you arranged your visit to the plant next Monday ?”
Mr Strong asked the managers had they arranged their visit to the plant the following Monday.
10. Mr Blake stated ,” This model is easy in operation .”
Mr Blake stated that that model was easy in operation.
11. She said ,” I have finished the test , so I am leaving tomorrow .”
She said that she had finished the test , so she was leaving the next day .
Упражнение № 4
Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя конструкцию «сложное дополнение» (Complex Object ) вместо придаточных дополнительных предложений.
Следуйте образцу: I didn’t expect that she would forget to call the partners. ---I didn’t expect her to forget to call the partners .
1. The Research & Development Department expects that the economists will make calculations as soon as possible.
The Research & Development Department expects the economists to make calculations as soon as possible.
2. The Director wants that the trainees will do the computer course in May.
The Director wants the trainees to do the computer course in May.
3. Did you see that he was looking through enquiries ?
Did you see that he looking through enquiries ?
4. The board expects that you will cancel the meeting .
The board expects you to cancel the meeting .
5. We watch how the inspectors are testing the equipment .
We watch the inspectors testing the equipment
6. She advised me that I shouldn’t change my mind and accept the offer.
She advised me not to change my mind and accept the offer.
7.The secretary noticed that the engineers entered their office on the first floor .
The secretary noticed the engineers entering their office on the first floor .
8. The chief manager wanted that his personal assistant would reserve 3 tickets for a non-stop train .
The chief manager wanted his personal assistant to reserve 3 tickets for a non-stop train .
10. Have you seen that he filled the form ?
Have you seen he fills the form ?
10. I heard that he mentioned the organization structure of that company .
I heard he mentions the organization structure of that company .
Упражнение № 5
Откройте скобки, выберите правильную форму глагола (to +
Infinitive или
Gerund )
1. The partners accused us of breaking the contract .
2. They are interested in placing some orders with Sony .
3. His team is very good at selling goods .
4. The company apologized for not shipping the goods in time .
5. We managed to put the equipment into operation .
6. Have you enjoyed doing business with this company ?
7. Her personal assistant refuses to answer our questions .
8. Mrs White denies giving them a message .
9. You really need to take care of yourself .
10. Did they insist on signing the contract immediately ?
Упражнение № 6
Выполните упражнение, выбрав правильный вариант
1. Our partners were pleased as the goods… without any delay.
продолжение
--PAGE_BREAK--
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