Реферат: How to write it
· Important: There should be no new material in this section. Each conclusion must be based on material that has already been presented in the main body of the report.
· Each conclusion should be related to specific material.
· Each conclusion should be brief (since the full explanation is given elsewhere in the document).
· The Conclusions section not only reviews the results or observations – it also interprets them. In this section, as in the Discussion, you can therefore point out:
1. what is important and significant
2. why the results or observations are valid
3. any criticisms or qualifications you may have of your own work
· A numbered or bullet-pointed list can be used if appropriate. Start with your main conclusion, then present them in descending order.
(Based on “Writing for Science and Engineering”by Heather Silyn-Roberts,
Silyn-Roberts, 2002).
VOCABULARY: WORDS AND PHRASES
Prospects and applications:to apply directly/ gradually/ partially/ in addition to/ in combination with; (to make) easier/ facile/ potent, ideal for; to avail, clear away, ( improve) productivity/ usefulness, fulfill (the needs), succeed in, ease a burden/ reduce the harm (of the underproduction problem); ( promote) scholarship/ (develop) businesses/ (correct) vision/ coordinate (efforts)/ blend (technologies)/ block (angiogenesis)/ put theory into practice/ regulate (production)/ update information, offer (more) affordable opportunities for/ assist in/ avoid (problems in), etc.
The conclusions of the study reveal that/ will help illuminate/ explain ...
We have succeeded in showing that… .
Our results highlight the potential of the technique/ could lead to/ can be directly applied to the process of… .
Further investigation will stimulate others to come closer to an understanding of …/ may shed light on… .
This theory can yield useful predictions about …/ more definitive results.
Proposals for further research:to await/ merit/ deserve/ warrant investigation; (to provide) impetus, assist in/ encourage/ inspire/ prompt a search, stress/ emphasize the importance, (to acquire/ gain) competence/ confidence (to proceed)/ knowledge/ experience (required to produce P), (to apply/ rely on/ use) logic/ intuition (in studying P), (reach) understanding/ comprehension, etc.
serious problems/ grave (unsolved) questions (still) remain.
This (aspect) … awaits formalization/ demands closer examination/ deserves further investigation/ presupposes deep study of… .
Our awareness that we need some more background for … increases.
We need to acquire/ gain competence in this field to proceed.
Concluding remarks/ summary:to conclude, close, round off; summary/ ize; agree, believe, convince, maintain, recognize, think, trust; (to rest) heavily (on), (fit) neatly (in a category), deeply (embedded in), justly considered; secondary (effect/ process/ important borderline/ marginal (case), peripheral (phenomenon); (results) obtained, (methods) used, etc.
In conclusion, it may be said that … .
To conclude, this paper has explored … .
Finally, we turn to …/ I want to note that … .
For completeness, we show/ I should add that … .
As exemplified by our study of … ,
Our conclusions focus on aspects such as the fact that … .
To this end, we summarize our main principles.
To summarize/ In summary/ To sum up
The major points covered by this paper may be summarized as follows … .
Our exploration of … has brought the following points to the foreground.
Now we can conclude that … .