Реферат: ABSTRACT STRUCTURE
The subject studied and the method used
The mechanism of … is/ has been investigated using the method/ technique of …
The structure of … is studied by (the method of) … .
The process of… is examined making use of the technique of … .
The function of… is/ has been analyzed by … .
The results obtained
The relation between … has been established.
The parameters of … have been calculated.
Some information concerning … has been obtained.
The properties of … have been evaluated.
The conclusion has been made that … .
An assumption was that … .
The results suggest/ indicate that … .
(Based on American English for Everyday Use, 1996).
SAMPLE PHRASES
(Based on authentic abstracts)
The aim of this paper is to present preliminary results of … .
The talk discusses/ presents … .
We consider a problem of … .
We introduce/ present a new… method for .../ approach to … .
We also examine the ways in which the Internet has been integrated into contemporary text-books … .
We consider/ discuss/ show/ study … .
In the present talk, we consider the case of … .
The problem under consideration is important for … .
In this talk, we focus on … .
In this work, we explore … .
In the present work, we consider … .
The topic of… has been investigated extensively in the past decades … .
The method performs well and is not sensible to … .
Relevant methods for comparison include … .
Recently, methods have been proposed to avoid … .
We compare our approach with these methods … .
A traditional approach has been … .
The talk discusses/ presents … .
We consider a problem of … .
We illustrate the performance of this technique with … experiments … .
I/ we present results/ a new implementation of… method… .
We… compare the solution method to that of … .
I/ we further describe applications to problems arising in … .
To obtain the… version of the algorithm, we develop a general theory of …
This theory enables us to construct … .
It is worth to note that the method described above can also be applied … .
We discuss a complete solution to this problem of … .
Several… results will be given during the presentation of this paper.
The accuracy of the present … scheme is demonstrated by means of validation results … .
Finally, we also construct … .
Finally, we verify our algorithm with a computer program in C++ and JAVA … .
A major drawback of the approach is … .
These results are available online.
This project is sponsored by… .
The research was supported by RFBR* grant… .
*RFBR abbrev Russian Foundation for Basic Research РФФИ сокр. от Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований
[Abstracts, 13th ILAS Conference Amsterdam, 2006, pp. 53, 55, 61, 66–67, 69, 72–73,77–78, 81, 83, 93–95, 99.]