Реферат: Saint Sernin Of Toulouse And Notre Dame

Of Paris Essay, Research Paper

Saint Sernin of Toulouse and Notre Dame of Paris

When one thinks of St. Sernin and Notre Dame, one tends to think of two

beautiful cathedrals, not to churches that portray two totally different styles

of architecture. Those two styles are, of course, Romanesque in St. Sernin and

the Gothic style of Notre Dame. Some characteristics that these two buildings

share include quest for height, basic floor plan, and artistic flair. The

period of Romanesque architecture, which lasted roughly from 1050 A.D. to 1150

A.D., concentrated mainly on achieving massive proportions, rounded vaulted bays,

the round arch, the wall buttress, cylindrical apse and chapels, and towers.

Early Gothic architecture, which began in 1144 with the dedication of Saint

Denis, concentrated more on mastering the idea of an obscenely high ceiling, as

well as ribbed and pointed vaults, the relationship between the structure and

its appearance, and perhaps, most importantly the use of light.

One of the most enjoyable things about comparing the two structures of

St. Sernin and Notre Dame is that there are so many differences as far as the

particulars go, but in general the two cathedrals are very, very much alike.

Through the years, enough architectural and engineering advances had been made

to raise the ceiling to staggering new heights of over one hundred feet. The

materials remained the same as they had for years before, stone and mortar. The

basic floor plan remained the same, a cross. The nave had become longer and

more spectacular and the ceiling had been heightened due to recent discovery of

vaulted ceilings, but other than that, it was the same floor plan as ever. The

cathedrals were designed to draw vast numbers of people them, therefore they

were built so that one might not only come to worship, but to see the beauty of

the structure. Even to this day people are in awe of these building, and come

more to stare at their beauty than to worship God.

Regardless of how many likeness’ we are able to find between the

Romanesque style of St. Sernin and the Gothic style of Notre Dame, it is the

difference that make them so amazing. In my opinion there are three major

differences in Early Gothic and Romanesque styles of architecture. These are

the differences in buttresses, the use of towers, and the use of windows. From

the exterior, one of the first differences one would notice is the use of

flying buttresses in Gothic architecture. Where in Romanesque buildings,

standard buttresses would have been used, the buttresses on Gothic buildings

were detached from the building. This created a more open essence to the church

and in my opinion a more “spiritual” look. As far as the towers go, in

Romanesque structure the towers were used as a more central figure, while in

Gothic construction, the towers were used more as an entrance structure. Most

importantly though, is the different use of light. In Romanesque structures, as

is obvious in St. Sernin, it was realized that in a structure as big as a

cathedral, much light was needed. Therefore many, small windows were put in to

light up the deep bowels of the cathedral. In Gothic architecture, however, and

especially Notre Dame windows became a major part of the construction process.

They found that by transferring more of the force down the flying buttresses

that the vertical walls did not carry as much stress, therefore more windows

could be added without reducing structural integrity. Therefore windows were

put in on several levels, not only as a source of light, but as a form of art.

Most of the stained glass windows depicted either scenes from the bible or

people of royalty. The windows pierced through the walls and added to the

beauty of the cathedral. Between the addition of the flying buttresses and the

use of stained glass windows, Gothic cathedrals produced some of the most

beautiful and enormous works of art known to man. The use of sculptures,

stained glass, and gargoyles added to the Romanesque ideas of size, vaulted

ceilings, and towers made Gothic Architecture some of the most artistic and

fascinating buildings ever built.