Реферат: Prussia And Germany Key Dates Essay
Prussia And Germany? Key Dates Essay, Research Paper
1809-Austria lose to Napoleon again and lose, conclude
reform is bad. 1813- Prussia fight against Napoleon again and are vicotious
persevere with reform. 1815-Vienna settlement, Prussia gains Ruhr, North Saxony,
Aachen-Cologne-Krefield triangle.
German confederation set up under the leadership of Austria. 1818-Prussia removes customs barriers (domestic tariff
system) 1834- Zollverein lauched including 18 states. 1836- Zollverein extended to 25 states. 1846-7- Disasterous corn harvests and Potato bilght in
Germany Oct 1847-Baden makes demands for a ?German people?s
parliament? 1848- A series of revolutions took place throughout Europe,
in the case of Germany the result was a failure of democracy to operate effectively
and efficiently. May 1948-First meeting of the Frankfurt assembly 1849-Bismarck sent as Prussian ambassidor to German
confederation in Frankfurt. 1849-New liberal parliament established in Prussia in the
aftermath of the 1848 revolutions. 1862- Bismarck appointed Chacellor to push army reforms
through parliament.(Monarch William I) 1863-The Polish revolt? Prussia ensures Russian neutrality
by supporting them over this issue amidst widespread support for the Poles by
the other major powers. 1864- War with Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein joint with
Austria 1865? Creation of North German confederation whilst Austria
was preoccupied by Piedmont-Hungary. 1866-Austro-Prussian war 1870-1 Franco-Prussian war. Jan 18th 1871- Germany united under Prussian leadership
in Versailles palace. Russia: 1801-Tsar Paul assasinated 1801-1825-Alexander I Tsar. 1801- Alexander repeals most of the harsh repression under
Tsar Paul. Partially due to pressure from Count Pahlen. 5th June 1801- Law commission set up in order to
establish a new legal code. 1801- Permenant council established in order to council Tsar
in matter of state. 1803- Allows voluntary emancipation of the serfs by masters. 1807-Unofficial committee voluntarily disbanded. 1809- Speransky?s reforms were presented to Alexander. Alexander accepts them in principle but
never puts them into practise, he was not willing to give up supreme autocratic
power. 1809-Invasion of Napoleon. 1810- Council of State introduced? part of Speransky?s
reform program. Nov 1810- 1st Military colony under Count
Arakcheyev. March 1812- Speransky dismissed. 1815- The Vienna settlement. Alexander expected to be
liberal as he had been in Europe. 1815 onwards- Steadily moved away from liberal ideas towards
brutal repression. 16 September 1815: Alexander introduces the ?Holy Alliance? 1817- Alexander becomes obcessed with the idea that the only
true education was based in religion.
Under Prince A N Golitsyn, a ?purging? of the universities took place. 1819- Novosiltov?s plan for constitution- went further than
Speransky, again approved in principle but not put into practise. 1825-55- Nicholas I Tsar. Dec 1825- Gap of a
few weeks between Tsars as Nicholas and Constantine proclaim the other Tsar —
results in ?Decemberist revolt?-swiftly put down by Nicholas. 1833- Count Uvarov came up with the formula? ?Orthodoxy?
the orthadox church, ?Autocracy? the tsarist system of govt. and ?Nationality?
sought to defend unique Russian culture against western encroachment. 1826-1836- Nicholas establishes his 5 sections 1st-Reorganisation of administration of the Tsar 2nd-Codification of Laws-Speransky-40 volumes 3rd-Originally to route out corruption in public
office. Eventually became repressive
secret police force. 4th-Education and Charities 5th-State peasants. 1854-56- Crimean war. France and Britain supporting
Catholics and Turkey respectively and Russia supporting Orthodox preists. 1855-81-Alexander II Tsar. 1856-86? Number of schools increased from 8000 to 23000 1861- Alexander II emancipates the serfs. 1863- Education reformed. 1864? Justice system and Local government included
introduction of local government in the form of the zemstvas. 1870? Dumas introduced. 1871? Preliminary censorship restored and third section
strengthened – Shuvalov 1874? Army reformed 1860-1880? Railways increased *14, Coal produced *16, Steel
production *10 1881-94? Alexander III Tsar 1891? Tariffs on imported goods imposed. These huge tariffs raised the cost of living
to artificially high levels. 1894-1917? Nicholas II Tsar 1903? Witte dismissed. –
Port Arthur in Manchuria taken by the Japanese 1904? Russians began strike on the port. Jan 2nd 1905? Port falls to the Japanese. Jan 22nd 1905? ?Bloody Sunday?? peaceful
peasant demonstration of strikers led by Father Gapon?s Supporters fired upon
by troops. Jan 23rd 1905? Strikes break out and martial law
declared. Jan 29th 1905? Calm restored. Oct 1905? The October Manifesto promised –
a council of ministers –
a full range of civil liberities –
extension of the franchise –
a Duma to approve legislation. 24th Nov? New press law abolished preliminary
censorship 11th Dec? New electoral law said who could vote.
This was biased towards the ?haves? of society April 1906? Fundamental law states ?Supreme autocratic
power belongs to the emporer of all Russia.? April 27th 1906? 1st Duma meets.