Лекция: What is sound?
Vocabulary Study
Word List
Active Vocabulary
Nouns
| 1) altitude | высота | |
| 2) frequency | частота | |
| 3) pitch | зд. тон звука | |
| 4) range | диапазон | |
| 5) rarefaction | разреженность | |
| 6) threshold | порог | |
| 7) timbre | тембр |
Adjectives
| 1) acoustic | акустический | |
| 2) dense | густой, плотный | |
| 3) equal | равный | |
| 4) particular | особый, отдельный | |
| 5) permanent | постоянный, неизменный | |
| 6) rigorous | суровый, строгий | |
| 7) vast | обширный |
Verbs
| 1) boom | гудеть | |
| 2) clarify | очищать | |
| 3) collide | сталкиваться | |
| 4) involve | включать в себя, содержать | |
| 5) occur | иметь место, случаться | |
| 6) perceive | ощущать, воспринимать | |
| 7) saturate | насыщать |
Adverbs
| 1) apart | в стороне, отдельно | |
| 2) completely | полностью | |
| 3) strictly | строго, точно |
Passive Vocabulary
| 1) eardrum | барабанная перепонка | |
| 2) jet aircraft | реактивный самолет | |
| 3) nausea | тошнота | |
| 4) nuisance | неприятность, досада | |
| 5) vertigo | головокружение | |
| 6) vocal cords | голосовые связки |
I. Read and translate the following words. Arrange them into the groups: a) with one stress or stress on the first syllable; b) with the stress on the second syllable; c) with two or more stresses.
Vast, collide, frequency, pitch, jet aircraft, altitude, perceive, engineer, acoustic, threshold, involve, occur, strictly, particular, permanent, sound-absorbing.
II. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
| 1) range 2) clarify 3) timbre 4) saturate 5) pitch 6) acoustic 7) equal | a) the same in size, amount, number, degree, etc. b) of the sense of hearing, of sound-waves c) distance between limits d) characteristic quality of sound produced by a particular voice or instrument e) cause (one substance) to absorb the greatest possible amount of another f) make free from impurities g) degree of highness or lowness |
Choose:
a noun
1) a) vast, b) range, c) to boom, d) completely
2) a) saturate, b) collide, c) equal, d) pitch
a) occurrence, b) dense, c) perceive, d) rigorous
a verb
a) acoustic, b) involve, c) particular, d) permanent
a) timbre, b) range, c) threshold, d) strict
3) a) frequency, b) altitude, c) rarefaction, d) occur
an adjective
a) completely, b) involve, c) acoustic, d) perceive
a) rigorously, b) collide, c) boom, d) dense
3) a) timbre, b) range, c) strict, d) apart
d) an adverb
1) a) apart, b) perceive, c) dense, d) altitude
a) rigorous, b) involve, c) particular, d) strictly
3) a) rarefaction, b) completely, c) collide, d) vast
Define the meaning of the “x” words.
Frequency: частота – frequent: x.
Particular: особенный – particularity: x.
Occur: случаться – occurrence: x.
Density: плотность – dense: x.
Range: диапазон – to range: x.
Equal: равный – equalize: x.
Complete: полный – completion: x.
V. Arrange the words with similar meaning of the two groups in pairs.
Vast, perceive, range, involve, saturate, equally.
Apprehend, extensive, wave band, impregnate, to include, likewise.
VI. Match the words with their opposites, like the example:
gloomy – gay.
compression, frequent, saturate, dense, clarify, apart
rare, sparse, pollute, together, rarefaction, exhaust
Match the verbs from a) with the nouns from b).
| characterize make cover reduce ensure | sound a range noise clarity speech |
Complete the sentences with the words given below.
The … range of possible frequencies and timbres makes sound an effective medium of communication.
A low sound is … as being less loud than a high sound of the same intensity.
Noise does not have any particular … .
Where the air molecules gather together a region of higher … occurs.
The speed is slower at high … as air less dense there.
Altitudes, vast, perceived, pitch, pressure.
Translate into English.
Звук – это энергия и как любая другая форма энергии, он может быть полезен человеку.
Большая часть звуков не несет большой заряд энергии.
Звук столкновения двух автомобилей получается в результате вибрации корпусов сталкивающихся автомобилей.
Движение уплотнений и разреженностей в воздухе формирует звуковую волну.
Звук не может распространяться в вакууме.