Лекция: Сравнительные конструкции с прилагательными

I. Сравниваемые объекты обладают одинаковой степенью признака: as…as — такой как (прилагательное в положительной степени).

She was as poor as a church mouse. – Она была бедна, как церковная мышь.

Was the exam as difficult as you thought? – Экзамен был таким трудным, как ты думал?

II. Сравниваемые объекты обладают признаком в разной степени:

а) прилагательное в сравнительной степени + than (см. 3.3.);

в) not so … as – не такой …, как (прилагательное в положительной степени).

Civil law is more difficult than criminal law.

Criminal law is not so difficult as civil law.

III. Конструкция the + сравнительное придаточное предложение, the + сравнительное придаточное предложение.

the more … the more — чем больше …, тем больше … ;

the less … the less – чем меньше …, тем меньше …;

the better … the worse – чем лучше …, тем хуже … .

The smaller a car is, the easier it is to park. – Чем меньше машина, тем легче ее припарковать.

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The more we study, the more we know.

The more we know, the more we forget.

The more we forget, the less we know.

The more we study, the less we know.

Why study?

Exercises.

I. Закончите предложения, используя сравнительную конструкцию as … as и прилагательные в скобках.

1. Jill is almost … her father (tall).

2. I am not … my brother. He’s very intelligent (smart).

3. “The End of the Days” was not … I thought (interesting).

4. My salary is not … yours is (high).

5. I don’t feel … I felt yesterday (tired).

II. Перефразируйте предложения, используя сравнительные конструкции.

Model. Jack is younger than he looks. -

Jack isn’t as old as he looks.

1. It’s warmer today than yesterday. It isn’t … .

2. The station was nearer than I thought. The station wasn’t … .

3. The exam was easier than we expected. The exam wasn’t … .

4. The punishment was milder than we thought. The punishment wasn’t … .

5. The Amur is wider than foreign tourists expect. The Amur isn’t … .

III. Сравните вещи, как показано в образце.

Model. a lamb and a sheep (old / small)

A sheep is older than a lamb.

A lamb is smaller than a sheep.

– wood and steel (ligh / hard / strong)

– a bus and a train (slow / comfortable)

– milk and cream (thick / healthy)

– windsurfing and swimming (cheap / exciting)

– boys and girls (sentimental / hard)

– American cartoons and Russian cartoons (dynamic / gentle).

IV. Закончите предложения, используя сравнительную степень сравнения прилагательного в скобках.

1. Sorry I’m late. It took me … to get here … I expected (long).

2. My toothache is … … it was yesterday (painful).

3. She looks about 20, but in fact she’s much … … she looks (old).

4. The problem is not so complicated. It’s … … you think (simple).

5. Health and happiness are … … money (important).

6. I like the countryside. It’s … and … … living in a town (healthy / peaceful).

V. Составьте предложения по образцу.

Model: Japan / India (large / industrialised)

Japan isn’t as large as India.

India isn’t as industrialised as Japan.

1. A giraffe / an elephant (tall / strong / fast).

2. Iron / gold (strong / valuable).

3. A gorilla / a human being (intelligent / strong).

4. A car / a bicycle (expensive / fast / easy to park).

VI. Заполните пропуски формой сравнительной степени прилагательного в скобках +than, где необходимо.

Maria is a foreign student in London. She is speaking about the problems of learning English: “Oh, why is English such a difficult language! I think it’s … (much / difficult) French. Sometimes I feel that my English is getting … (bad), not … (good)! When you first start learning English, it seems … (a lot / easy) other languages and the grammar looks … (much / simple). Later it becomes … (much / difficult). There are also so many words in English!”

VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.

2. The more expensive the hotel is, the better the service is there.

3. The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

4. The more you have, the more you want.

5. The better preventing work is organized, the less crimes are committed.

6. The more serious the crime is, the tougher the punishment will be.

VIII. Составьте предложения, используя конструкцию the … the. Переведите их на русский язык.

Model. (small) a house is / (easy) it is to look after.

The smaller a house is, the easier it is to look after. – Чем меньше дом, тем легче его содержать.

1. (Big) a car is / (expensive) it its to run.

2. (Bad) the weather / (dangerous) it is to drive on the roads.