Лекция: Прошедшее завершенное время (Past Perfect)

Прошедшее завершенное время обозначает действие, совершенное раньше другого прошедшего действия.

Пример. When I telephoned Sue (at 5 o’clock), she had gone out (at 3 o’clock). – Когда я позвонил Сью (в 5 часов), ее уже не было (она ушла в 3 часа).

We arrived at the cinema at 8.00, but the film had started at 7.30. – Мы прибыли в кинотеатр в 8 часов, а фильм начался в 7.30.

When I spoke to the woman I realized I had met her somewhere before. – Когда я разговаривал с этой женщиной, я понял, что встречался с ней где-то раньше.

Примечание. Для действий, совершившихся в прошлом одно за другим, используется прошедшее простое время, например: “Margaret went to the door, locked it and returned with the key.” – Маргарет подошла к двери, заперла ее и вернулась с ключом.

Образование прошедшего завершенного времени: had +V3

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had driven.

HadI / you / he, etc. driven?

I / you, etc. hadn’t driven.

Exercises.

I. Составьте предложения, описывающие, что произошло в различных местах до того, как туда прибыл Пит.

Model. the station – his train / already / leave:

When he arrived at the station, his train had already left.

the theatre – the play / already / start

the post office – it / already / close

the furniture shop – they / sell / the table he wanted

his friend’s house – his friend / go out

the football stadium – the game / nearly (почти) finish

II. Выберите правильную глагольную форму. Переведите предложения.

Model. The office was empty when the police arrived. The robbers had left. – Контора была пустой, когда прибыла полиция. Грабители ушли.

1. We had just started lunch when the telephone had rung / rang.

2. When I opened the safe, the money had disappeared / disappeared.

3. Andrew was late for school yesterday. When he got to the classroom, the lesson had started / started.

4. They waited until everyone was ready and then they had started / started the meeting.

5. He sighed again and again, like one who escaped / had escaped from danger.

6. He made / had made tea and ate / had eaten the biscuits which Mrs. Aberdeen brought / had brought to him.

7. It was / had been so sudden that for a moment no one knew / had known what happened / had happened.

8. The exam was / had been much easier than he thought / had thought at first.

III. Употребите глагол в скобках в соответствующем времени (Past Perfect or Past Simple?). Переведите предложения.

1. Mario (feel) very nervous when he first drove in Britain because he (not / drive) on the left before.

2. Max (do) the TEFEL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) before, so he (find) it very easy.

3. I (not / laugh) at the joke because I (hear) it before.

4. We (leave) the restaurant when he (have) dinner.

5. When I found my wallet I (discover) somebody (take) the credit card out of it.

6. When we (come) to the courtroom, the hearing (start) already.

7. Aunt Polly (punish) Tom Sawyer because he (to eat) the jam.