Реферат: Nikolaev and Yakutia (Николаев и Якутия)

Ministry of Education RS (Yakutia)

The Yakut state university name M.K. Ammosova

Physicotechnical institute

Power faculty

REFERATOn a theme: NIKOLAEV AND YAKUTIA Has executed: students of group ЭО-01

Vasil’ev M., Archaxov F., Mixailov A.

Has checked up:

Zaxarova E.V.

Yakutsk 2002.

THE CONTENTS

1.

History……………………………………………….…………………………………… 4

2.

A few words about richness………………………………………………. 5

3.

Sovereignity…………………………………………………………………………… 6

4.

Economic relations………………………………………………………………… 8

5.

Mikhail Nikolaev…………………………………………………………………… 10

6.

The conclusion………………………………………………………………………. 11

The used literature …………………………………………………………………… 14

Yakutia is awell-known place in the world since ancient time. But Republic of Yakutia hasreceived its own flag and stamp only recently, with receiving of truesovereignity. In opinion of majority of Republic citizens, both of statesymbols most conciseness express historical destiny of Yakutia native people,their present day, their future and nature of the north country.Present sovereign Republic of Sakha(Yakutia) is an exporter and importer of goods production. But first of all afew words about history.HISTORY

Beginningfrom the 17th century, with coming of Cossackslandwalders to theLena river, the “Lena area”, as they called Yakutia, attracted attention ofRussian tzars, and their close surrounding. Of course, attention of Russianauthorities to Yakutia was called by political and economical matters indifference of attention of scientists,travellers, men of letters.

Union ofnew lands, need in famous Yakutian fur, which was carrying off abroad, toEuropean and Asian countries, filling up the state treasure, were necessary.Economic potention of Yakutia especially in the 20th century, grewexceedingly, although it continued to serve as pantry of natural richnessesonly.

A FEW WORDS ABOUT RICHNESS

Beforethis time richness of sakha people was cattle and its products, such as meat,milk and butter. Besides of this, it was nature: sakha, evenks, evens, jukagirsand local Russians, they were rigorous and silent, and nourished to nature themost tender feeling, used its gifts in necessary degree to live in theseaustere conditions. Furs were used only for practice. But in other hand, withsewing of clothes esthetical feeling of the people was manifested, theydecorated their clothes with patterns, beads, other fur.

In thefirst half of the 17th century fairies appeared on the northeast,and beginning in June 25,1768 a decree of Senate on instituting of officialfairies in Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Udinsk was adopted, Astonishing fact was thequantity of merchants of second and third guilde, in Yakutsk in 1823 they were43, in Olyekminsk they were 10, in Vilyuisk – 8.

That’swhy in the end of the 19th century Yakutian merchants traded on hugearea not only in the area of north-east, they had exited to Japan, China, andother countries. In the 20th century famous merchant familiesgathered put together, such as Averenskie, Astrafhantsevy, Molotcovy,Nikiforovy, and many others.

SOVEREIGNITY

Today,when the Republic of Sakha stands enough firmly on the base of sovereignity, ithas possibility to trade itself with different states. The Republic isestablishing international political and economic relations with its foreignpartners, a number of intergovernmental agreements with countries of CIS andforeign countries were signed. Constantand Trade Representations of the Republic of Sakha were created in Latvia,Kazakhstan, Ukraine, in several regions of Russian Federation.

There isalmost all the Mendeleev table inYakutia. Not in vain our ancestry made a proverb: “Nobody can desolate tobottom the chest of nature…” On the other hand Mikhail Nikolaev is rightsaying: “we must extract, produce and sell such quantity of production, thatYakutian will live in security”. In his work “Yakutia on the border ofcenturies” he stresses, that “it is necessary for the Republic to be directedon European countries, and especially to countries of Asian and Pacific oceanregions”.

FirstYakutian jewelry plant give itsproduction. In 1992 it gave products for 10 million roubles per day, now is achieved much morehigh level. There are things of gold, diamond, silver. Add to this fur, mamontbone, foal meat, deer meat, wood, coal, gas and so on. Republic of Sakha hassomething to offer to foreign customer,, and it can support our culturalconnections, which have deep tradition, is coming of delegation of 47 peoplefrom brother-town Muroyama (Japan), the delegation carried out a number ofimportant appointment, including appointment with the head of Yakutsk AlexeyTomtosov, rector of the university Vasily Philipov and others. Delegations fromAustria, Great Britain, China, the USA and other countries desire visitors us.

ECONOMIC RELATIONS

Butdistinct character of our present connections must be mutually beneficialeconomical relations. The Republic has worked out 22 state and complexprogrammes of development, including almost all spheres of life and activity ofpopulation, and branches of economy and culture. Each of them requires largeinvestments and provides their realization with taking part of other foreign firms, companies and countries.Change of Republican economy character (from extracting industry to processingone is planned by foreign firms.

There arefirst signs of such cooperation. Austrian firms have built Medical center andnon-alcohol squashes plant in Yakutsk. Swatzer MABETEXGRUPP,

having built milk plant has built House of Maternityand childhood protection. Canadian builders have “Canadian village” of 37cottages with autonomous provision for talented children of the Republic. Statecompany of Foreign Trade SAKHAVNESHOPTTORG was established in the Republic,president of the Company is Andrew Popov. Having special divisions,SAKHAVNESHOPTTORG imports wood processing equipment, machines and tools forbuilding, technological conveyers on processing of meat, fish, milk, newestmedical technique and medicines, leading medical technology, transport. means,clothes and shoes for all seasons, food and other goods.

Exportdivision is standing on its feet, too. SAKHAVNESHOPTTORG does operates on anumber of main positions. They export to external market large sawing wood,timber, sawing materials, fur: squirrel, ermine, sable, for: production ofdeer-breeding: pants (spring horns), broken horns, organs of northern deer,energetic coal and so on. Having such firms as SAKHABULT, SAKHALES, SAKHAAS,YAKUTALMAS, YAKUTUGOL and other, our Republic will consolidate economical,trade and cultural connections with other countries.

Manypositive developments in the economy and culture of the region are justifiablylinked with the name of the first President of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),Mikhail Nikolaev. The stable situation in the Republic, the mutualunderstanding and co-operation with the leadership and regions of Russia, withthe countries of the CIS and the “far abroad” – owe much to him. In December1993 he was elected deputy to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.The President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, rated highly Mikhail Nikolaev asPresident of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

MIKHAIL NIKOLAEV

On 20December 1991 Mikhail Nikolaev was elected the president of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In his remarks to thecitizens of the Republic on the third anniversary of the declaration ofsovereignty of the Republic he stressed that “the constructive policies of theRepublic of Sakha for solving its internal problems and also for its relationswith the Russian Federation are attracting the attention of the Federation’ssubjects and raise the authority of the Republic inside as well as outside ofit borders…”

Duringtwo years since the December 1991 elections Yakutians have been able to satisfythemselves that the political goals of the Republic are achieving at ensuringthe well-being of the people and welfare safety net for the population at adifficult stage in the development of market economy. These policies have astheir fundamental goal the rebirth ofthe multinational people of the republic and the strengthening of the centuriesold traditional ties with Russia.

Electedby all the people, the first President of the Republic of Sakha, Mikhail Nikolaev,has become the acknowledged leader of the peoples of Yakutia through hispractical efforts for the good of the northern peoples. Many things have beenachieved. Chief among them – the shaping and strengthening of the Republic ofSakha as a sovereign state within Russia, the signing the Federal Agreement,signing of the agreement on economic co-operation with the Russian Federation,as a result of which the Republic received the right to dispose of 20 per centof gem-grade diamonds, 100 per cent of industrial diamonds, 12 per cent of goldand other resources. An agreement has been signed clarifying the status ofstate property, belonging both to the Republic of Sakha and to the RussianFederation, and providing for the creation of budget tax levies. The Republicof Sakha has adopted the Constitution. With the active support of thepresident, the foundations were being set for the development of productioncapacity, 950 enterprises have been put on a new management basis, more than2.700 farms have been established, diamond cutting was being developed, as wellas other processing industries.

THE CONCLUSION

Today,the Republic of Sakha has its own constitution and its own president. Sakha hasembarked on the path of sovereign, equal and independent development. Itfollows that, from now, it will find its own solutions to social, economic andcultural problems. It offers to co-operate with other peoples on the basis ofequal relations in trade, science, politics and culture. Its freedom, newlywon, will enable the potential of the Sakha people as a whole, and of eachindividual, to flower fully. Like the culture of other nation, the culture ofSakha brings its own special contribution to world culture. The granitemonument in Moscow to Aleksey Kulakovsky, founder of Yakut literature, istestimony to this.

There aremany differences between our nations. But there are many common things, too.Every morning sun rise in the East, its rays illuminate snow ridges of Yakutia,reflecting in waves of its full-watered reverse, and roaming in unlimitedtaiga, these rays carry their light and warmness to the West. We are one of thenations in the planet, who meet sun first of all people. We meet sun with hopeof peace, harmony and kind human relations.

The used literature

:

1. State Company of External TradeSAKHAVNESHOPTTRG Instituted by Decree ofRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia) President from 21.07.92.

2.

Yakutia — Russia: 370 years together.NKI “Bichik” Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 2002.

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