Реферат: Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming was born in 1881 on a farm in Scotland. Since his childhood he liked animals and watched their life. He decided to become a doctor and passed on top all the exams to be a medical student in London. Then he continued the research work at one of the London hospitals and became interested in bacterial action and antibacterial drugs. During the World War 1 he served as a military doctor in France and saw numerous terrible infected wounds of soldiers that could not be treated. In1918 Fleming was demobilized and returned to his work in St. Mary Hospital. One day Fleming's assistant brought him a plate on which a colony of dangerous bacteria were being grown.«This plate cannot be used for the experiment,»- said the assistant.- ''Some mould has formed on it and I'll have to take another plate." Fleming was ready to allow his assistant to do so. Then he looked at the plate and saw that the bacteria around a mould had disappeared. Fleming understood the importance of what had happened andimmediately began to study thephenomenon. He placed some mould on other plates and grew more colonies. By means of numerous experiments on animals he determined that this new substance was not toxic to the tissues and stopped the growth of the most common pathogenic bacteria.
Fleming called this substance penicillin. It is of the same family of moulds that often appear on dry bread. Many investigations had been carried out before a method of extracting pure penicillin was found.
In 1942 Flemings tried his own first experiment using penicillin for an injured friend. After several injections the man was cured. It marked the beginning of penicillin treatment. But it was very difficult for Fleming to awake interest biologists and experts to his new remedy and to decide the problem of its production. Fortunately one American company understood the great importance of this invention and USA Government offered some million dollars for penicillin production. This saved thousand of lives even in the last period of war.
For his great discovery Fleming received 1955 the Nobel Prize. In his Nobel speech he said: «Everywhere I go people thank me for saving their lives. I do not know why they do it. I didn't do anything. Nature makes penicillin. I only found it.»
Задание75. Расскажите об А.Флеминге. Скажите, какими качествами должен обладать ученый.