Реферат: Тарновская м. Л

ТАРНОВСКАЯ М.Л.





МГИМО

2005


UNIT ONE THE WAY WE LIVE NOW pp. 7



Lead-in A View of the City

Theme One The Odd Couple

Theme Two Little Has Changed on the Streets

of London

Theme Three Work, Work, Work!

Language Focus giving and reacting to surprising news

Talking Points making assumptions, evaluating,

discussing pros & cons, speculating

Vocabulary of the Unit


UNIT TWO ^ LIVING DANGEROUSLY pp. 38


Lead-in Taking Risks

Theme One Death Race

Theme Two Hazard at Work

Theme Three Are We Gamblers?

Language Focus asking and promising discretion

Talking Points speculating, illustrating, debating, giving

advice, making recommendations

Vocabulary of the Unit


^ UNIT THREE GETTING AND SPENDING pp. 68


Lead-in Personal Finances

Theme One Paying Your Way

Theme Two Money is the Root of all Evil?

Theme Three Debt and Despair on the Dark Side

of Consumer Credit

Language Focus discussing ideas, suggesting alternatives

Talking Points sharing information, expressing opinions,

introducing news

Vocabulary of the Unit


UNIT FOUR ^ GETTING THE MESSAGE ACROSS pp. 98


Lead-in Different Wavelengths

Theme One Text a The English Character

Text b Welcome To New Britain

Theme Two The English Language

Theme Three Girl Talk – Where You Can Success

in the Coffee Break

Language Focus discussions and debates

Talking Points expressing opinions, making assumptions,

evaluating, making decisions

Vocabulary of the Unit


UNIT FIVE ^ THE MEDIA AND ADVERTISING pp. 133


Lead-in The Press in Britain

Theme One You Awright, My Sun

Theme Two Part 1 Extra! Extra!

Part 2 Some Things Will Simply

not Change

Theme Three Girl Talk – Where You Can Success

in the Coffee Break

Language Focus discussing what you are going to watch,

discussing TV programmes, the language of

newspapers

Talking Points expressing opinions, insisting on a point,

speculating, discussing pros & cons

Vocabulary of the Unit



UNIT SIX revenge and retribution pp. 170


Lead-in Criminal Trials in Britain

Theme One The Hangman's Rope

Theme Two Text a Revenge Killing, Arabia

Text b Crimes and Punishments

Theme Three Text a Justice Done and Viewed To Be Done

Text b Woodward Speaks Out Against TV Trials

Language Focus discussing both sides of an issue

Talking Points making assumptions, expressing opinions

Vocabulary of the Unit



LISTENING pp. 202


UNIT ONE

Britain today

Civil Cases

Living in Oxford


UNIT TWO

Peeping Tom

Why Do People Take Risks?


UNIT three

Pocket money

Repayment of a Debt

An account Executive Talks about his Job

For Richer, for Poorer


UNIT FOUR

Living in Portugal

Clothes


UNIT FIVE

Publicising the Circus

The Press at Work

Review Panel


UNIT SIX

A Judge Speaks

A Story with a Moral

The Rolls Royce

The Landlord

The Department Store


^ ADDITIONAL TEXTS FOR RENDERING pp. 216


Вежливая, но не сгибаемая

Мы с вами!

Жениться или не жениться?

Риск – это банальность.

Берегите зубы и …жизнь!

Почему мы рискуем

Вы можете договориться

Кому давать в кредит?

Жизнь в кредит

Имидж как инструмент карьерного роста

Загадка американской души

Будьте знакомы

Ох, уж эта реклама!

Чем больше каналов, тем лучше.

Психическая атака на телезрителя

Информационная война

«Первые и последние» (по рассказу Д. Голсуорси)

Суды присяжных




UNIT ONE THE WAY WE LIVE NOW


Lead-in


1 Discuss the following questions.


How many jobs can you think of where the professional enjoys good social status and earns quite a lot of money, but has to work very irregular hours? How would you feel about doing such a job? Think about

family relations

tiredness

inability to plan ahead




Which would you prefer – a job which is virtually stress-free but monotonous, or one which is extremely interesting but quite stressful?




Sometimes companies have to let employees go although they value their work. What can the reasons be?




What does the proverb "A woman's work is never done" imply? Do you tend to agree with the proverb? Why (not)?


2 The lists show work-related benefits and problems. Which of these benefits are the most important? Which problem do you think are the most damaging for a working person?


Benefits Problems

Social status

Career advancement

Room for creativity

Little or no stress

Satisfaction/sense of achievement

Deadline pressure

Lack of recognition

Workaholism

Overwork/physical strain

Stress caused by responsibility

To me, room for creativity is most important benefit a job can offer because it allows for self-expression …


3 Complete each sentence with one of the words or phrases given. Explain them.


• commute • high-flyers • fringe • status • tough

• to benefit • subsistence • squats • violence • battering

• shanty towns • slum • suburbs • ghetto • bonus

• enhance • unemployment


In Britain today many young graduates want to get a job with high ………………………… .

The image of high earners is ……………. by the purchase of a luxury car such as a Porsche.

The financial centre of London, the City, is full of highly-motivated young ………………… who are eager to make a lot of money as quickly as they can.

All successful business people know how ………………… life at the top is.

When the economy is booming, everyone seems ………………….. .

For those living at ……………….. level, even buying essentials is a struggle.

Penniless students in large cities try to save money by living in ………….. , that is, houses which they find to be empty.

Financial problems can lead to stress within the family and …………….. between family members.

Wife- ……………………. is a particularly unpleasant form of violence.

A poor, densely populated area of a town or city lived in mainly by one racial group is called a(n) ………….. .

In Third World countries ………………… have grown up on the outskirts of major cities to house poor workers who have migrated from the countryside.

In the developed world run-down and derelict housing in the inner city where people still live is called a(n) ………………. .

Managers enjoy many …………… benefits including a company car and an expense account.

People working in large cities often like to live away from the centre in pleasant ………………………. .

People who work in the city centre but live outside have to ……………….. to work everyday.

Mark was given a $ 1,000 …………… when he beat his deadline by a month.

In some countries, you don't qualify for …………………… benefit if you own your house.


Discuss the following questions:

What difficulties may ethnic minorities face both at home and at work?

Why is the life of successful businessmen at the top rough? What does it involve?

What essentials can you buy if you live at subsistence level?

In what way can the situation in economy affect families? What can it lead to?


4 a. Complete the text using the words and phrases given.


• emulate • allure • doorstep • metropolis • pace

• veneer • social life • self-image • stuck • provinces

• made • the break • rush hour • metropolis

• landmarks • keep your wits • accommodation


A View of the City

If you grow up in the …………… (1) then capital cities have a very special ……….. (2). They represent sophistication, choice and freedom. When you've settled in the city, you can think of the people back home as 'country cousins' who 'live in the sticks'. They haven't experienced life as it should be, in the city.

And what have you gained by moving to the ………………3)? First, a major change in …………………(4). You're one of the special ones, you've ……………… (5). All those famous places that were previously just names read in the paper or seen on TV become familiar personal ……………. (6) glimpsed as you go to work or explore the capital developing your ………………. (7). You're never ………………. (8) for something to do - everything's there, on your new …………………. (9): discos, night-clubs, pubs. If you're culturally minded, there are museums, cinemas, theatres, concerts. And then the people! You never know who you will meet and where. Their status and lifestyle are something you want to …………………… (10).

Of course, there are shocks. The cost, for one thing, of things like ………….. (11), transport and entertainment. The crowds, especially during the ……………. (12). The fast ………….. (13) at which everyone lives. But you soon learn to …………… (14) about you and develop the special …………………. (15) that city living requires.


b. Explain the meaning of the following word combinations, find Russian equivalents to them:


• to make the break • to explore the capital • to be stuck for smth to do • to be culturally minded • to live at the fast pace


c. Answer the following questions:


What makes city so alluring to people coming from the provinces?

What changes does a person undergo after moving to town?

What advantages and disadvantages may be found in city life?

In what way does the pace of the metropolis life differ from that in the country?

Do you think citizens have a special veneer? Why (not)?



^ THEME ONE Family Life


5 Before reading the text discuss the following questions.

What constitutes a successful life?

In the lives of successful people, what is the relationship between work and family life?



^ The Odd Couple
The story of Charlotte and John Fedders rocked Washington. It had all the ingredients: success, money, ambition, image-obsession and violence. It has become a modern fable, a cautionary tale that flashes a warning beacon throughout a whole upper echelon of tough young men pushing their way to the top, at the expense of their families.

Charlotte and John were the archetypal successful Washington couple. He was a young lawyer zooming up the status ladder in the fast lane. They were a crisp, clean-living Catholic couple with five young sons, living in a gleaming colonial-style mansion. From the outside they seemed to have it all: the best country clubs, the best Catholic private schools for their children, the best privately catered parties. He was selected for a top job which brought him into the public eye.

Then John Fedders' life fell apart. Or, at least, his image of it, which for him was the same thing. His private life had always been a catastrophe but one well hidden. The last straw for his wife came the day he started to turn his violent rage against his eldest son. Charlotte Fedders filed for divorce. She hoped for a quiet divorce without dispute. But her husband wanted to battle it out. Perhaps he thought no one would notice an obscure hearing in a small courtroom in Maryland. But the Wall Street Journal sent a reporter to write the story, and what a story it was. Fedders had beaten his wife often and savagely. He thumped her repeatedly when she was pregnant. He ran the household with a set of iron rules: no one was permitted to enter the house in shoes; his sons had to do thirty press-ups whenever they came into the room. He was obsessively mean about money. Charlotte got virtually none for herself and the children. And yet she worried frantically about their rising debts. They lived way beyond their means.

The day after the Wall Street Journal ran the story, John Fedders was forced to resign. The story ran extensively on nationwide television. It rang new alarm bells. It showed that battered wives were not necessarily poor or confined to ghettos. Charlotte learned for the first time the FBI statistics: four women are beaten to death every day in America by husbands or lovers.

Charlotte got her divorce. John Fedders took a lower paid job and paid $ 12,000 a year to Charlotte and the children. The older children all worked and contributed their money to the household. Charlotte earned a little in a flower shop, but they were hard pressed. Then a publisher asked her to write the awful story of her life. But just before the book was to appear John so Fedders took her back to the divorce court to try to get his puny payments to the family reduced. On top of that, he wanted 25% of the proceeds of the book on the grounds that he was the star of it. Everyone expected him to be laughed out of court. Imagine the shock when the court accepted his plea and did award that 25%.

Charlotte Fedders now seems like a self-confident and articulate woman. She makes speeches on battered wives up and down the country. Her book is a fascinating but dispiriting read. She was a poor, clinging pathetic creature who invested everything in her husband and her children. She thought as a young nurse that she would never find a husband with the sort of earning power that her family expected. When tall, handsome, athletic, clever Fedders looked on her with favour she thought she didn't deserve to land such a big fish. But he spied in her what he wanted: obedience, adoration, inferiority yet a sufficiently cultivated veneer for social acceptability. No danger of equality here.

It is a terrible pattern: this story has caused such a stir in America as it forces attention on the family life of the high achievers. When gilded young husbands work all the hours under the sun, who takes the strain? Who bears the brunt of all that bottled frenetic activity? What do wives and children have to tolerate in order to keep a man on the upward path?

Polly Toynbee, ^ The Guardian

Notes on the text:

Colonial-style mansion: the house is built in the typical traditional style of the first (rich) colonists of the country, painted white.

Maryland: one of the states forming the United States, and geographically close to Washington, DC.


^ 6 Find English equivalents to the following word-combinations:


• поучительная история • предостережение • за счет их семей • типичная преуспевающая пара • быстро продвигаться по служебной лестнице • последняя капля

• подать на развод • управлять семьей • жить (далеко) не по средствам • напечатать историю • история широко освещалась по телевидению • перейти на менее оплачиваемую работу • отдавать деньги в семью (на ведение хозяйства) • быть в трудном положении • на основании того, что • удовлетворить иск • разглядеть в ком-либо что-либо • наделать шум • заставить обратить внимание

• принимать на себя главный удар • терпеть


^ 7 Find a word or phrase in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to:


Paragraph 1: • shocked • moral story • serving as a warning • level • to the detriment of

Paragraph 2: • perfect example • racing • spotlessly clean/shining • large expensive house

Paragraph 3: • the final blow

Paragraph 4: • hit • practically • much more expensively than could be afforded

Paragraph 6: • under pressure • insignificant • for the reason

Paragraph 7: • depressing • perceived, surface

Paragraph 8: • takes the strain


8 Answer the following questions.


Name the features which made the story of Charlotte and John so much attractive for the public interest.

What reaction did the story of the Fedders cause in Washington? Why?

Outline John Fedders’ career.

Describe the life style of the Fedders. How did they look from the outside?

What do phrases “colonial-style mansion, catholic coupe, privately catered parties” mean? Why does the writer provide readers with such important details?

Why did Charlotte have to file for divorce? What was the last straw?

What fact caused the divorce to receive publicity?

What does the writer mean by saying that John “wanted to battle it out”?

What has been revealed in a courtroom?

What was John’s relationship with his sons like?

Why did the story ring alarm bells?

What were the results of the trial?

How did Charlotte’s and John’s lives change after the divorce?

Why did John Fedders go back to the divorce court? (two reasons)

What was the judgement of the court on the final issue?

Why did John choose Charlotte to be his wife? What did he spy in her?

What picture of Charlotte Fedders emerges before and during her marriage?

Did Charlotte recover from effects of her family life? What helped Charlotte to survive?

Why was her book dispiriting?

Who takes the strain/bears the brunt in the family?

Why did the story cause such a stir? Comment on the title. (Make a summarizing point)

How far does the life of the couple described match your ideas?

9 Discuss with a partner the following questions:

How the writer of the article views the role of a wife in the families of high-flyers?

Is it possible to have two high-fliers in one family?


10 Write a summary of Text One in 180-200 words.


^ THEME TWO A Place to Live and Work

11 Discuss the following questions before reading the text.

Are there many immigrants in your country?

Do many people emigrate from your country?

What factors cause people to go and live in another country? What do they expect to find?

What attitudes do they encounter and what treatment do they receive?

How do they view their homeland?




Little Has Changed on the Streets of London


The number of people emigrating from Ireland is currently estimated at 30,000 annually. There is no doubt that the bulk of young Irish emigrants end up in London. And while some of their problems are unique to this generation, many of them work in the same jobs and live in the same conditions as endless previous generations of emigrants to Britain.

While some Irish take their degrees to London and use them to get jobs in the burgeoning service industry, for many others who left school in their teens and experienced months, if not years, of unemployment their second act on reaching London is to sign on for social welfare. Their first, and most difficult, is finding somewhere to live.

Social welfare benefits, when they include a rent allowance, are better in England. For a young unemployed man or woman, living at home with little or no unemployment assistance in Ireland, this can seem an attractive proposition, offering independence, a subsistence income and at least the hope of a job in a city where unemployment, while real, is a lot lower than in Ireland. Many young Irish emigrants go straight on the dole when they arrive in England. Some find jobs fairly quickly, others remain on the dole for months.

Andrew Fox is living on the dole, and is also in receipt of housing benefit. And he is living in relative comfort, as he's staying in Conway House, the hostel for young Irish men run by the Catholic Church in Kilburn. This costs £50 a week for bed and breakfast, and all the young men there spoke glowingly of the facilities it offers and the welcome they receive from staff. There was a 300 per cent increase in demand for places in this hostel in the first six months of last year.

But those who get into Conway House are the lucky ones and there is a six month time limit on residence there. It has a capacity for just 300, a drop in the ocean, and thousands of young Irish emigrants live in squats across north London. The squats are empty houses, many of them owned by the local council. They may be being prepared for sale into the private sector. Sometimes the council boards up the windows or removes the stairs, and the electricity is usually cut off. The conditions vary widely in the squats, from those in houses which are in good condition and where the illegal tenants are painters and decorators and do the place up, to those in bad repair where the squatters live on mattresses on the floors in rooms lit only by candles. If they reconnect the electricity they face arrest and charges for stealing it.

Jobs are easier to come by than homes. But many of the jobs involve hard work, long hours and no security or protection. This is particularly true in the building trade. London is experiencing a building boom and many of the subcontractors are Irish. Like in the 1950's, there are queues of young men outside the Irish pubs and cafes at 5.30 on Monday mornings, waiting to be driven to a site maybe miles away. Often there are hundreds of young Irish men and even if they do get work they rarely get back before 7 p.m. Wages are paid cash in hand. The men are not taxed and while they don't tell the contractor they are signing on, he doesn't ask either. And if they no are injured, they are not insured.

Sister Joan Kane of the Haringey Irish Community Centre deals with the homeless many of them single men who have worked on the buildings all their lives. 'Some of the men in their forties coming in here worked very, very hard on the casual labouring scene. Then they got injured one day doing very heavy work. Now they're on the rootless scene. The casual scene is still going strong. The thing is, it's Irish employers exploiting Irish people. It's very degrading too, if you're passed over.'

Loneliness as well as the need for practical help ensures that many Irish people stick together. One of the subjects discussed at a seminar on emigration in Kilburn was the trauma experienced by Irish emigrants, revealed in statistics which showed a disproportionately high number of Irish admissions to mental hospitals. One of the reasons for the sense of alienation was the sense of being foreigners in England and the hostility they experienced from many sections of the media and the police. Those who leave the country voluntarily are more likely to adapt well than those, in the majority, forced to do so out of economic necessity. Most of those who attended the seminar in Kilburn were in no doubt about the category they belonged to. 'I love Ireland', says Andrew Fox. 'I wouldn't have left it, only there was no work there.'

^ The Irish Times


12 Find English equivalents to the following word-combination:


• большинство иммигрантов • оседать в Лондоне

• не иметь работы в течение многих месяцев

• вмещает только триста человек • забивать окна досками

• подвергаться аресту • обвиняться в чем-либо

• выполнять временную или сезонную работу

• обойти по работе • держаться вместе

• приспосабливаться к условиям

13 Explain the meaning of the following phrasal verbs and provide your own sentences.


end up in London to be in a particular place after doing something: Somehow they all ended up at my house. Keep on doing that and you'll end up in serious trouble.

sign on ………………

cut off ……………….

do up ………………...

come by ……………..

passed over …………..


14 Answer the following questions:


How many people from Ireland emigrate to GB and where do most of them settle down? Is it unusual for Great Britain?

Why do the emigrants have to sign on for social welfare? Why do they prefer living on the dole in GB to staying in Ireland? What does it offer? How long do immigrants stay on the dole?

Can we call Andrew Fox a lucky young man? Why yes or no?

Where do the majority of young Irish emigrants live? What are the living conditions there? What dangers can they face?

What kind of jobs can the Irish emigrants find?

What dangers in their work do they face?

What does their job involve? What doesn’t it involve?

How does the ordinary day of emigrants run?

What is so degrading about the system?

Why is the number of Irish admissions to mental hospitals so high?

What are reasons for the sense of alienation?

What makes them stick together? Who is more likely to adapt to the circumstances?


15 Summarize in 230 words significant facts about the life of Irish immigrants in London.
^ THEME Three All Work and No Play

16 Discuss the following questions before reading the text:

Explain the meaning of the title.

Do you agree with the proverb "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy"? Why (not)?

What physical and mental effects has overwork been known to have?

Do you agree that it's not always easy to draw the line between a successful professional life and workaholism? Why (not)?


17 The following words and phrases appear in the passage. In what context do you think they appear?

• suicide • rewards and opportunities

• financial independence

• potentially damaging consequences


Work, Work, Work!


Stress, sleeplessness, depression, heart disease, shortness of temper, memory loss, anxiety, marital breakdown, child delinquency, the decline of local neighbourhoods, rudeness, suicide, - a mere shortlist of some of the symptoms of the postmodern malaise. The cause of all our woes? The prime suspect - work. Wicked, wicked work. An avalanche of surveys, polls and expert commentaries show that we all work too long, too hard; that our bosses are beastly; that we are insecure and afraid. You know all this stuff. We seem to be workers on the verge of a nervous breakdown. So far, so bad. But there's plenty of good news about work, too even if it is not always shared with the same enthusiasm as the 'Work is Terrible' stories. Four out of ten UK workers declare themselves 'very satisfied' with their jobs, more than in France, Germany, Italy or Spain.

Work has become our national obsession. Whether we are damning the impact of work on our health, our families, our time, or celebrating its new-found flexibility, rewards and opportunities, we are talking, writing and thinking about work like never before. As with so many obsessive relationships, the one with work is a love-hate one. Confusion reigns. Mixed messages are everywhere - on the one hand, the government bangs on and on about the importance of paid work, and then cautions about the impact of too much paid work on families. Women celebrate the economic independence work brings, then are made to feel guilty about their children. Salaries go up, but few of us feel richer. We find a job we love and so work long hours at it, and then feel that we are failing to get our 'work/life' balance right.

Why is work under the microscope? Why all the angst? Perhaps because our work simply occupies a more important place in our lives than it did. Maybe we care, and worry, more about work for the same reason we care and worry so much about our children or our health - because it is important to us. Men and (for the first time in centuries) women are placing work closer to the centre of their lives. And maybe that's no bad thing. The 'leisure society' would probably have been a boring place in any case.

Our work fixation springs from a series of profound changes in the nature of employment, all of which push work more deeply into our individual lives, our families and our communities. Work has become a more important element of our personal identity; we have greater control and choice over the shape of our working lives; women have entered and transformed the workplace; the nine-to-five has become more sociable; more of us want or need the financial independence that a wage offers; and the economic rewards of working have increased - work pays.

Work has become a more important personal identity tag, replacing the three traditional indicators of our uniqueness - place, faith and blood. As geographical roots have weakened, religious affiliations have diminished and the extended family has dispersed, how we spend our labouring hours has become a more important window into our souls. This trend reflects and reinforces a desire for work which brings personal fulfilment, for work we are proud of. If work means not just income but identity, then the choice of job becomes critical. This is why tobacco companies find it so hard to hire people - to work for them would be to taint your own identity.

But the new salience of work has come with a price; fewer people are able to feel secure; the need to keep pace with change is tiring and stressful; white-collar workers are putting in longer hours to try and keep a toehold - with 70 potentially damaging consequences for the children; and the deification of work threatens to push those who are outside the paid workforce further towards the margins of society. This would not matter so much if work did not matter so much. Not just in terms of income, but in terms of identity. When work becomes more than simply a passport to a pay cheque, when it opens the door to friends, purpose, satisfaction and a place in the world, its absence is more keenly felt. Once we admit the centrality of work to our lives, it might be harder to kid ourselves that we are doing older employees a favour by 'letting them go'.

But we dare not admit work's importance to us. We like to moan about it, preferably with work colleagues just after work. One publisher says: "I love my job, but I feel embarrassed even saying that. My parents think it is sad that the only friends I've got are through work - but I don't see the problem. Funnily enough, we've got lots in common!" The love of your job is now the only one that dare not speak its name. The idea of work as intrinsically bad has poisoned us for too long. The poet and mystic Kahlil Gibran said that work was "love made visible". Wouldn't it be great if we could capture a bit of that spirit, even if just for a while?


^ 18 Look at the following words and try to explain them.


• child delinquency • malaise, avalanche • obsession

• bang on and on • fixation, nine-to-five • affiliations

• window into our souls • salience • keep a toehold

• deification • margins • to kid oneself • intrinsically


19 Find synonyms for the following words.


• woe • wicked •reign • caution • angst


20 Answer the following questions:

Why does the writer define work as “the postmodern malaise”? Explain that word combination.

What are the inevitable consequences of it?

What are our relationships with work?

What does the writer mean by the phrase “mixed messages”?

Explain in your own words what the writer means by “under the microscope”.

What is the origin of our work obsession?

In what way changes in the nature on employment contributed to the changes in our attitude to work?

Explain in your own words what the writer means by an “important personal identity tag”?

In the fifth paragraph, what does the writer imply about attitudes to work in the past?

In what way has the approach to work changed?

What new significance is attached to work?

In the final paragraph, why might the speaker’s parents think it was “sad” that the he only made friends through work?

What purpose do you think the writer hoped to achieve when writing this article? Has he/she succeeded?


21 Answer the questions in a summarised way (one sentence).


What does the writer imply in the first paragraph?

What point does the writer make in the second paragraph?

How does the writer answer the question “why is work under the microscope” in the third paragraph?

What is the function of the fourth paragraph?

What does the writer say in talking about jobs we choose?

What happen to people who lose their jobs? (According to the article)

What do we understand from the article as a whole? (Start: We understand the writer believes …)

22 Write seven sentences (according to the number of paragraphs) summing up the contents of each paragraph.


Language Focus

Giving and Reacting to Surprising News


23 Below are boxes which contain useful language for giving and reacting to surprising news.


Introducing a Piece of News

You’ll never believe this

Did you hear about …?

You’ll never guess who

Have you heard that/about?




Expressing surprise

Good heavens! / Goodness!

Indeed? Really?

You can't expect me to believe that.

Are you serious? / You’re joking!

Are you having me on?

You’ve got to be kidding!




Encouraging Somebody to Continue

Can you explain in more detail, please?

Go on … / I’m all ears.

And then what?


In pairs, use language from the boxes and follow the outline to act out dialogues about the situations described below.


Your girl friend / boy friend has won $100,000 in a lottery.

A mutual acquaintance of yours is getting married to a famous film star.

You are working in a big export-import company. Your boss had decided to give a big pay rise.

A boy you haven’t seen since leaving school has announced that he is going to run for Parliament.

You ran into an old school friend who told you an astonishing piece of news.

Share your own piece of news with your friend.


Speaker A – Greet Speaker B

Speaker B – Return greeting, introduce news

Speaker A – Encourage B to continue

Speaker B – Give more information

Speaker A – express surprise

Speaker B – Finish the news


A: Hi, Jenny.

B: Oh, hi, Bob. Listen, you’ll never guess what scandal the Fedders are involved in.

A: I’m all ears …

B: Well, Charlotte tells me that she is going to divorce John.

A: Are you serious? …

B: Absolutely! She has already filed for the divorce. …


^ TALKING POINTS


24 Do you think the workplace is becoming more competitive? Why?

What would you value most in the workplace?

Rank the following in order of importance. Explain the choice.

approachable employer

comfortable working environment

sense of being part of the business

financial rewards for high productivity

flexible working hours

good remuneration

opportunity to progress

opportunity for personal development


A good working environment is very important, as it is difficult to be productive in a dirty and noisy environment. A worker only can benefit from healthy environment.


25 Discuss the following proverbs and quotations. Paraphrase them, say if you agree or not, and explain why.

The early bird catches the worm.

He that will not work shall not eat.

“Work is life, you know, and without it, there’s nothing but fear and insecurity.” John Lennon (British songwriter & singer)

“Find job you like and you add five days to every week.” Jackson Brown



VOCABULARY of the UNIT


26 A Study the meanings of the words. Provide Russian equivalents. Translate the examples.


Welfare n the money that is paid by the government to people without jobs; to live/be on welfare means you depend on the welfare system for money to live; to sign on for social welfare to apply for state-financed social services, e.g. health, insurance, pensions

Benefit n the money that people receive from the government if they have no job, do not earn a lot, or are sick

housing benefit regular payments towards your rent

unemployment benefit regular payments to people who do not have a job; sick(ness) benefit

fringe benefits apart from the salary, employers may offer extra things, such as a company car, bonus schemes, free health insurance, holiday pay, free food

to be in receipt of benefit

Allowance n 1. an amount of money that someone receives regularly, which they do not earn by working rent allowance

2. Am a small amount of money that children receive from their parents every week

Bonus n money added to smb’s pay; Lis earned a $500 bonus for being the best salesperson of the year.

Dole n money that is given by the government to people who are unemployed; Unemployment benefit or jobless benefit is also called, informally

the dole to go/be on the dole- receive/begin to receive such payments

Proceeds n money gained from the sale of smth; the proceeds of the book


Metropolis (the) n a chief city of the capital city of a country; an important centre of a particular activity: a business metropolis

Accommodation n a place to live or work in; house, flat, hotel, etc. to accommodate

Shanty town n an area, esp. outside a large city, where many poor people have built temporary huts and shanties

Slum n an area or street of dirty, crowded houses; a slum clearance campaign
Squat vt settle on land without permission; occupy empty (derelict) buildings without authority. Squatter person who takes unauthorized possession of unoccupied premises
^ Ghetto n a part of the city where people mostly of one race, class, or group live

The sticks n a country area far from modern life

Outskirts n the outer areas: on the outskirts of Paris


Emigrate, immigrate v People who emigrate are emigrants from the country that they leave, and their action is called emigration; but from the point of view of the country they enter, the same people are immigrants, and their action is called immigration.


Alien n foreigner, smb who belongs to another country, race alien adj (to smb, from smth) foreign; an alien environment, differing in nature or character: This concept is totally alien to her. These principles are alien from our religion.

alienation n estrangement; the sense of alienation


Subsistence n the ability to live with little money or food

subsistence level; to live at ~ level a very poor standard of living, which only provide those things which are absolutely necessary and nothing more

a bare subsistence wage; subsistence income; means of subsistence


High-flyer n smb who is extremely successful in their job

high-flying adj ambitious

Achiever/ High achiever n smb who is determined, successful, who works hard
^ High-powered (jobs) adj showing great ability, force, power
Emulate v try to do as well as or better than; to emulate the best; emulation; in a spirit of emulation; in emulation of each other

Allure v to attract or charm by the offer of something pleasant; to tempt; allure n alluring adj The job offers alluring opportunities

Veneer n (fig) surface appearance which hides the unpleasant reality; He was able to fool the world with his veneer of education.

veneer of respectability; put a veneer on


Adapt v to make or become suitable for new needs or different conditions

Batter v strike hard and often; The heavy waves battered the ship to pieces.

Enhance v to increase in strength or amount; Good secretarial skills should enhance your chances of getting a job.

Commute (between from, to) v to travel regularly a long distance between one’s home and work, by train or car; commuter

Keep one’s wits (about) to be ready to think quickly and act sensibly according to what may happen

B Find synonyms and synonymous expressions to the words in bold type. Provide Russian equivalents to the words and words combinations. Translate the sentences.


RUN

1. The hostel was run by the Catholic Church. 2. The road runs along the river bank. 3. The licence runs for a year. 4. “The Sunday Times” ran a story about the discovery of Shakespeare’s diaries. 5. I don’t remember how the rest of Hamlet’s speech runs. 6.Our food soon ran out. 7. I’m running out of patience. 8. It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather because it will last longer.


MODEL:

1. The hostel was run by the Catholic Church.

to control (an organization or system); be in charge of and cause to work

руководить, управлять, вести (дело, предприятие)

2. The road runs along the river bank.

To travel as arranged; идти (о пьесе, автобусе)

3. The licence runs for a year.

To have official force during a period of time; remain valid

быть действительным на известный срок

4. “The Sunday Times” ran a story about the discovery of Shakespeare’s diaries.

To print; печатать, публиковать

5. I don’t remember how the rest of Hamlet’s speech runs.

to continue

6. Our food soon ran out.

to come to an end; to use all one’s supply; have no more; Истощаться, истекать; закончиться

7. I’m running out of patience.

To lose patience

8. It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather because it will last longer

In the end; after a long period; в конце концов, в общем



^ CONTRIBUTE, CONTRIBUTION

1. The older children contributed their money to the household. 2. She didn’t contribute anything to the discussion. 3. She regularly contributes to the college magazine. 4. Speed is a contributing cause in many road accidents. 5. He has made an important contribution to the company’s success.


Words frequently used with contribution: great, huge, important, major, outstanding, significant, valuable


GAIN

1. What have you gained by moving to a metropolis? 2. I think he is gaining weight. 3. The people’s Party is gaining ground in the country. 4. One’s gains and losses are not always to be measured in terms of money. 5. No pains, no gains.


Words frequently used with gain: confidence, experience, ideas, information, knowledge, popularity, recognition, understanding


INVOLVE, involvement

1. Don’t involve other people in your mad schemes. 2. Many of the jobs involve hard work, long hours and no security. 3. The accident involved a bus and a truck. 4. Sixty-two immigrants were involved in squatting. 5. Our involvement with (in) this project started way back in 1989. 6. The boy caught red-handed gave a long and involved explanation.


Words frequently used with involvement: require, support, welcome


EXPERIENCE

1. London is experiencing a building boom. 2. Some Irish experienced months of unemployment. 3. Emigrants experienced the hostility from some sections of the media. 4. No one has gained experience by being idle.


CAUSE

1. This story caused such a stir in America. 2. This car caused me a lot of trouble. 3. They believe inflation is caused by big wage increases. 4. He is the cause of all my unhappiness. 5. His departure was cause for celebration in the village. 6. Joe's father had good cause to be proud of him. 7. Please give as much as you can: it's for a very worthy cause. 8. An injury to the goalkeeper caused him to limp off after ten minutes.


Words frequently used with cause: alarm, concern, confusion, damage, distress, embarrassment, harm, problem, trouble

SHARE
1. I share this flat with five other people. 2. He shared my opinion that the matter needs a re-think. 3. He has no right to a share in profits. 4. Jane accepted her share of blame. 5. The scheme allows employees to buy shares in the company.


SPOT

1. We found him sitting in a sunny spot in the garden. 2. The flower is yellow with red spots. 3. I did a spot of reading last night. 4. She was caught jaywalking and fined on the spot. 5. We had a spot of trouble with the police. 6. A cool glass of beer would really hit the spot. 7. He put me on the spot, when he refused to give a lecture. 8. I spotted the difficulty at once. 9. The boys were spotted buying alcohol. 10. He has a spotless reputation. 11. Can a leopard lose his spots?


Pace

1. The pace of life in the village is slow and easy. 2. The course allows the students to progress at their own pace. 3. We proceeded at a brisk pace down the corridor. 4. The government is not allowing salaries to keep pace with inflation. 5. He paced up and down between the kitchen and the living-room.
^ 27 Translate into Russian.
The bus company runs a regular airport shuttle service.

I ran the dishwasher even though it wasn't full.

Davis didn't contribute much to the game in the second half.

We asked parents for a contribution towards the cost of the trip.

Her theories have only recently gained acceptance.

He is not the sort of guy you want to get involved with.

Sales were so good that even with 24 hour shifts we could hardly keep pace with demand.

A spot of bother was as good as certain.

Money has always been a sore spot in our relationship.

This must be a nice spot to live.

When the interviewer put Dan on the spot he panicked and couldn't think of anything to say.

Do you mind sharing a table?



28 For each of the sentences below, rewrite a new sentence as similar as possible in the meaning to the original sentence. Use Vocabulary of the Unit. There may be more than one variant.



I don’t mind paying something towards Samantha’s wedding present.

Air-conditioning, individual desks and lots of space all play a part in a healthy working atmosphere.

He felt he didn't have much to say in the discussion.

His company gave a considerable sum of money to the campaign fund.

Heart disease was responsible for most deaths. cause

It’s not a good idea to upset the boss.

The officer in charge of the investigation has refused to talk to the press.

I’m afraid we can’t accept your credit card – it expired last week.

Before we publish this story I want you to double-check all the facts.

What do you expect to get out of your stay in Canada?

We should act immediately. Waiting is a useless thing.

Groups such as Acid Banana get more and more admiration similar to a cult.

Some element of risk is an integral part of most research and development projects.

The accident took place yesterday. Sixty-two vehicles were damaged.

The goal is to encourage workers to participate in decision-making process.

There is no evidence that he took part in the bombing.

It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become professional artist.

Suddenly something has caught his eye.

The reporters were on the scene within five minutes of the plane crash.

There is still some time left, we can do some shopping and sightseeing.

Bad weather made thing more difficult for us.

Any workers found breaking the rules will be sacked immediately.

You and I are equally responsible for tolerating their negligence.

30 different environmental organizations will receive equal sums of money, provided by the fund.

These problems are common to all modern societies.


29 Fill in gain, cause, contribution, contribute, involved, experience, pace, spot, alluring then make sentences.

…gain … in popularity Small cars gain in popularity as petrol prices have risen.

……………….. for concern

make a valuable .………………………

……………. widespread damage

a long ………………. explanation

…………………… articles

………………. ground

…………………. hospitality

keep ……………………..

a ………………… of trouble

………………… opportunities


30 Translate into English using Vocabulary (pay attention to ways of expressing meanings of the active words in Russian):


Run

Кто управляет этой компанией?

Почему мама не разрешает мне самому распорядиться своим днем рождения?
^ У нас высококвалифицированные служащие; предприятие работает, практически, без нашего вмешательства.
Хоть ты и мой отец и все такое прочее, я не позволю тебе собой командовать.

Прошлой осенью число арестов нелегальных иммигрантов доходило до 80 в неделю.

Прежде чем мы опубликуем статью, я хочу, чтобы ты перепроверил все факты.

Аренда действительна пять лет.
Contribute
Будьте так добры, пожертвуйте в фонд помощи бездомным семьям.

Получить предложение писать статьи для вашего журнала большая честь.

Общественное мнение может положительно влиять на решения правительства.

Мы рассчитываем на то, что все наши сотрудники будут предлагать новые идеи для проектов компании.

Вклад Чехова в русскую литературу имеет огромную значимость.

Мы попросили родителей дать нам денег на поездку.
Gain
Мне потребовалось довольно много времени, чтобы приобрести уверенность в публичных выступлениях.

Он получил значительную поддержку у молодых избирателей на последних выборах.

Идея захвата нежилых помещений становится все более популярной среди бездомных.
Involve
Они сильно погрязли в долгах.

Нас запутали техническими деталями.

На конференции выдвигались те основные идеи, которые затрагивают судьбу человечества.

В связи с работой мне придется много ездить.

Война привела к резкому увеличению национального долга.
Experience
Мы никогда не попадали на такие праздники и не знали, чего нам ожидать.

У него было очень тяжелое детство.

У нас были некоторые проблемы, когда мы получали визы.
Cause
Я полагаю, что повышение заработной платы явилось причиной большинства наших экономических проблем.

Дети всегда доставляют родителям неприятности.

Попробуй отделить проблемы, которые вызывают наибольшие затруднения.

Врач полагает, что нет причины для беспокойства.

Share

Так как это и ваша вина, что машина попала в аварию, вам придется принять участие в расходах на ее ремонт.

Он рассказал нам о своих впечатления об участии в конференции.

Мы вели машину по очереди, чтобы не было так утомительно.

Мои папа и мама родились в один день.

Spot

Не позавтракать ли?

Я немного почитал вчера вечером.

Умелый управляющий быстро выявит любые проблемы среди своих сотрудников.

Подделка была обнаружена торговцем произведениями искусства из Нью-Йорка.


^ 31 Explain the word-combinations according to the model or in the situation of your own:

Model: If you are culturally minded, you are keen on museums, cinemas, theatres, concerts.


absent-minded …………………………………………….

broad-minded ………………………………………………

narrow-minded ……………………………………………

open-minded ………………………………………………

single-minded ……………………………………………..

computer-minded ………………………………………….


^ 32 Put the passages into English using Vocabulary of the Unit (make use of different vocabulary and grammar patterns):


Ему удавалось дурачить всех видимостью образованного человека. Сложно было соревноваться с ним в этом. Он был честолюбив. И его моральные принципы были мне чужды. Он мог приспособиться к любым условиям и выжить в любой среде.


MODEL:

He was able to fool the world with the veneer of education.

There was no point in emulating him. /To emulate him was useless./ It was not an easy task to emulate him.

The moral principles of this high-flier were alien to me. / His morality of high-achiever was alien from my moral principles.

It was easy for him to adapt to any circumstances and survive in any environment. / Survival in any environment and adaptation to any conditions were his strong points.


Жизнь людей, имеющих высокий статус в обществе, зачастую сложна и напряженна. В стремлении достичь вершин в карьере им приходится жертвовать личной жизнью, что может привести к разладу в семьях и даже физическому насилию по отношению к женам и детям (child abuse).

Жизнь на природе привлекательна для многих людей, несмотря на необходимость ежедневных поездок на работу в часы пик.

Исследование, проведенное в университете Виржинии, показало, что брак способствует тому, что мужчины делают успешную карьеру. Брак позволяет мужчинам развивать свои мужские качества, добиваться доверия и уважения, как коллег, так и начальства. Профессор социологии Стивен Нок утверждает, что брак повышает самооценку, побуждает их добиваться еще большего успеха. А отцовство приводит его к еще более впечатляющим успехам.



^ 33 Put the following text into English in 250-300 words.

Я ВЫРВАЛАСЬ ИЗ НАСТОЯЩЕГО АДА


«Самая счастливая супружеская пара в шоу-бизнесе»… «Незыблемый союз»… Так все определяли взаимоотношения Анны и Александра. Да и как еще можно было квалифицировать эту семейную пару, глядя на благополучного, уверенного в себе продюсера, нежную, всегда улыбающуюся певицу и их троих очаровательных детей? Но несколько месяцев назад вдруг, как гром среди ясного неба, пронесся слух о том, что они разводятся! Да не просто так, а со скандалом. Новости вызвали однозначную реакцию: это разыгранный спектакль на публику. Однако, когда газеты опубликовали нелицеприятные отзывы мужа и жены друг о друге, эти статьи навели на мысль о том, что ситуация на самом деле серьезная.

Анна считает, что с ее стороны это был брак по любви. Вот только не знает теперь, насколько любовь была обоюдной. Но на том этапе ей казалось, что и с его стороны были чувства. Правда, достаточно быстро она стала в этом сомневаться. Думала: «Если ты меня любишь, то почему так ко мне относишься?», имея в виду формулу «бьет — значит любит». Она была для Анны непонятна.

Муж действительно ее бил с первого же месяца их совместной жизни. Анна прежде никогда с подобными вещами не сталкивалась. Она была тепличной девочкой, росла в обстановке любви, заботы, в интеллигентном окружении, в тихой провинции. И вдруг попала в кошмар. Она сохраняла семью столько, насколько хватало ее физических и душевных сил, все надеялась как-то изменить этого человека. И не с первым ударом кулака ее любовь испарилась. Она боролась всеми способами, консультировалась с психотерапевтами. Но со временем Анна стала осознавать – ради чего, спасая одного человека, должны гибнуть все? Дети при отце вели себя, как загипнотизированные. Ему не надо было их даже наказывать – они видели, что происходит, когда папа в гневе. Сколько отрицательных эмоций приходилось испытывать детям!

Анна заметила, что люди хорошие и интеллигентные вызывали у мужа устойчивую неприязнь. А подленькие и хитрые, которые за деньги удушить готовы – это его люди.

Когда чаша терпения лопнула, Анна официально подала заявление на развод.

Сейчас она говорит себе: «Все-таки хорошо, что это, наконец, произошло». Он вышел из этой сит