Реферат: Особенности делового этикета в западноевропейских странах

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                                                                        Ôàêóëüòåòìåíåäæìåíòà

                                                                        Íàïðàâëåíèå-"Ìåíåäæìåíò"

                                                                        êóðñ2.

Ðåôåðàòïî äåëîâîìóýòèêåòó

íà òåìó:

Îñîáåííîñòèäåëîâîãîýòèêåòà âçàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêèõñòðàíàõ

                                                                        Âûïîëíèë:          ÌåäâåäåâÄ. À.

                                                                        Ïðîâåðèëà:        ÁîíäàðåíêîË. È.

Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã

1997

ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ

ÊÀÐÒÀÅÂÐÎÏÛ                                                                                                                  3

 TOC o «1-1» âÂåäåíèå                                                                                                                            GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969347   PAGEREF _Toc401969347 4

Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ                                                                                                           GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969348   PAGEREF _Toc401969348 4

Èñïàíèÿ                                                                                                                               GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969349   PAGEREF _Toc401969349 5

Ôèíëÿíäèÿ                                                                                                                         GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969350   PAGEREF _Toc401969350 5

Ãåðìàíèÿ                                                                                                                            GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969351   PAGEREF _Toc401969351 5

Øâåöèÿ                                                                                                                               GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969352   PAGEREF _Toc401969352 6

Âèçèòíûåêàðòî÷êè                                                                                                     GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969353   PAGEREF _Toc401969353 6

Ïîäàðêè                                                                                                                               GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969354   PAGEREF _Toc401969354 7

Äåëîâûåïðèåìû                                                                                                              GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969355   PAGEREF _Toc401969355 9

Çâàííûåóæèíû                                                                                                             GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969356   PAGEREF _Toc401969356 10

Êàêîäåâàòüñÿ                                                                                                            GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969357   PAGEREF _Toc401969357 12

Ïåðåãîâîðû                                                                                                                     GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969358   PAGEREF _Toc401969358 13

Îáùåíèå                                                                                                                             GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969359   PAGEREF _Toc401969359 14

Çàêëþ÷åíèå                                                                                                                     GOTOBUTTON _Toc401969360   PAGEREF _Toc401969360 15

Åâðîïà

España

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France

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Italia

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BRD

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United Kingdom

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Sverige

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Suomi

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Ââåäåíèå

Âîâòîðîéïîëîâèíå XVIIIâåêà âÀíãëèèíà÷àëñÿïðîìûøëåííûéïåðåâîðîò.Ýòî ïðèâåëî êðàçâèòèþïðåäïðèíèìàòåëüñòâàè ðàçâèòèþ áóðæóàçèè.Èìåííîòîãäà, ÷òîáûîáîçíà÷èòüñâîþïðèíàäëåæíîñòüê íîâîìóêëàññó, íîâûåòîðãîâöû,áàíêèðû èâëàäåëüöûìàíóôàêòóðñòàëèââîäèòüíîðìûïîâåäåíèÿ,îäåæäû,âïîñëåäñòâèèñîñòàâèâøèåñîâðåìåííûéàìåðèêàíî-åâðîïåéñêèéäåëîâîéñòèëü.  XIX è XXâåêååâðîïåéñêèåèàìåðèêàíñêèåáèçíåñìåíûèãðàëèäîìèíèðóþùóþðîëü íàìèðîâîéàðåíå.Âìåñòå ñîñâîèì êàïèòàëîì,òîâàðàìè èòåõíîëîãèÿìèîíè ïðèíåñëèâñåìó ìèðó èïðàâèëàïîâåäåíèÿ âäåëîâîéñðåäå.

Ñ òåõïîð ýòèõïðàâèëïðèäåðæèâàþòñÿáèçíåñìåíûíå òîëüêîÅâðîïû èÀìåðèêè, íî èßïîíèè, Àçèè.Àôðèêè. Âîâñåõñòðàíàõàòðèáóòîìäåëîâîãî÷åëîâåêà÷àùå âñåãîÿâëÿåòñÿàíãëèéñêèéïèäæàê,ñìîêèíã èëèôðàê.

Îäíàêîè ïî ñåé äåíüñîõðàíÿþòñÿðàçëè÷èÿ âíîðìàõ èïðàâèëàõîäåæäû èïîâåäåíèÿ â ðàçíûõñòðàíàõ.Íàöèîíàëüíûåîñîáåííîñòè,èñòîðèÿ,êëèìàò,èñòîðè÷åñêèñëîæèâøèåñÿìîðàëüíûåíîðìûîêàçûâàþòâëèÿíèå íàòî, êàê áèçíåñìåíû,äà è íåòîëüêî îíè,îäåâàþòñÿ,âåäóò ñåáÿ,÷òî ñ÷èòàþòïðèëè÷íûì èäîñòîéíûì, è÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿçíàêîìíåíàäåæíîñòèèëè íåóâàæåíèÿê ïàðòíåðó.

 ýòîéðàáîòå ÿðàññìîòðåëîñîáåííîñòèäåëîâîãîýòèêåòà âðàçëè÷íûõñòðàíàõ Åâðîïûíà ïðèìåðåÈñïàíèè,Èòàëèè,Ôðàíöèè, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè,Ãåðìàíèè,Øâåöèè èÔèíëÿíäèè.

Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ

ÄåëîâîéìèðÂåëèêîáðèòàíèèíåîäíîðîäåí íåòîëüêî âñîöèàëüíîìïëàíå, íî è ïîñâîåé öåõîâîéñïåöèàëèçàöèè,÷òî âïðèíöèïå îòëè÷àåòåãî îò äåëîâûõêðóãîâäðóãèõñòðàí. Äëÿàíãëèéñêîãîáèçíåñàõàðàêòåðíàêàñòîâîñòü,êîòîðàÿ, ñ îäíîéñòîðîíû,îïðåäåëÿåòåãî âûñîêèéïðîôåññèîíàëüíûéóðîâåíü, à ñäðóãîé –ïðåïÿòñòâóåòïðèòîêó“ñâåæåéêðîâè”.

Ôèíàíñîâûéñåêòîðáðèòàíñêîãîáèçíåñàÿâëÿåòñÿèäåîëîãîìïðîâåäåíèÿòåõ èëè èíûõíîâîââåäåíèé.

Àíãëèéñêèéáèçíåñìåíî÷åíüíàáëþäàòåëåí,ÿâëÿåòñÿõîðîøèìïñèõîëîãîì,è íå ïðèåìëåò,êàê ôàëüøè,òàê èñîêðûòèÿñëàáîé ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîéïîäãîòîâêè. ñâÿçè ñ ýòèìëó÷øåâûäâèíóòüòåçèñ î òîì,÷òî ó àíãëè÷àíåñòü ÷åìóïîó÷èòüñÿ, è÷òî âû ñðàäîñòüþïîïðîñèòåñâîåãî àíãëèéñêîãîêîëëåãó îïðàêòè÷åñêîéïîìîùè. Òåìáîëåå, ÷òîäåëÿòñÿ îíèñâîèìè çíàíèÿìèè îïûòîìâåñüìàîõîòíî,÷àñòî ðàñêðûâàþòñåêðåòûñâîåãîðåìåñëà èóìåëî ââîäÿòâàñ âòîíêîñòèòîãî èëèèíîãî ðûíêà.

Èñïàíèÿ

Êîììåð÷åñêèåñâÿçè ñêðóïíûìèèñïàíñêèìèôèðìàìèòðàäèöèîííîñòðîÿòñÿ ïîèåðàðõè÷åñêîìóïðèíöèïó.Ýòîîçíà÷àåòíåîáõîäèìîñòüâûõîäà íàîòâåòñòâåííûõðóêîâîäèòåëåé,ïðèíèìàþùèõñîîòâåòñòâóþùèåðåøåíèÿ. Ïðèýòîìçàìåòíîåâëèÿíèå è âåñìîãóò èìåòüíå òîëüêîñîñòîÿòåëüíûåôèíàíñèñòû,ïðîìûøëåííèêèè êîììåðñàíòû,íî è òå, êòîîáëàäàåòïîëèòè÷åñêîéâëàñòüþ:âûñîêîïîñòàâëåííûå÷èíîâíèêè,åïèñêîïû,óïðàâëÿþùèåêîìïàíèÿìè – îäíèìñëîâîì,áþðîêðàòèÿ,âåñüìà÷àñòî äåéñòâóþùàÿïîñîáñòâåííîéèíèöèàòèâå,îáëàäàþùàÿáîëüøîéàâòîíîìèåéâ ïðèíÿòèèðåøåíèé.

Îäíî èçñàìûõâàæíûõêà÷åñòâäåëîâîãî ïàðòíåðà– åãîïóíêòóàëüíîñòü,óìåíèå òî÷íîðàññ÷èòàòüñâîå âåðìÿ,ñâîåâðåìåííîîòâåòèòü íàïèñüìî,ïîçâîíèòü,îáúÿñíèòü ïðè÷èíûñâîåãîîòñóòñòâèÿè ò. ä.  ïðîòèâíîìñëó÷àå âàøàðåïóòàöèÿêàê äåëîâîãîïàðòíåðàìîæåò áûòüñóùåñòâåííûìîáðàçîìïîêîëåáëåíà.

Ôèíëÿíäèÿ

Ïîääåðæèâàòüðàáî÷èåêîíòàêòû ñôèííàìèðîññèéñêèìïàðòíåðàìîáû÷íîïðîùå, ÷åì ñïðåäñòàâèòåëÿìèìíîãèõäðóãèõñòðàí, åùå èïîòîìó, ÷òîäîëãàÿ æèçíüáîê î áîê ñî ñëàâÿíñêèìèíàðîäàìè,ïðåáûâàíèå âñîñòàâåÐîññèéñêîéèìïåðèèãåíåòè÷åñêèçàëîæèëèâçàèìîïîíèìàíèåðóññêîãî èôèíñêîãîíàðîäîâ, àáîëåå ÷åì40-ëåòíèé îïûòøèðîêîãîýêîíîìè÷åñêîãîñîòðóäíè÷åñòâàïîçâîëèëëó÷øåèçó÷èòüñïåöèôèêóóñëîâèéðàáîòû èæèçíè. Ôèííûî÷åíü òåïëî îòíîñÿòñÿê Ðîññèè,òåðïåëèâû èëåãêî èäóò íàêîíòàêòû.

Ó÷èòûâàÿâñå ýòî, âû,êîíå÷íî,ìîæåòå îïîçäàòüíàíàçíà÷åííóþâàøèìèôèíñêèìè ïàðòíåðàìèâñòðå÷ó, íåâûïîëíèòüäàííûõ âàìèîáÿçàòåëüñòâ,íå ñîâñåìêîððåêòíî ñåáÿïîâåñòè – âàññêîðåå âñåãîïîéìóò, íî âñå-òàêèïîëåçíîïîìíèòü, ÷òîñöèâèëèçîâàííûì÷åëîâåêîìíå òîëüêîíàìíîãîïðèÿòíååîáùàòüñÿ, íîè ãîðàçäîèíòåðåñíååäåëàòüáèçíåñ.

Ãåðìàíèÿ

Øèðîêîèçâåñòíàíåìåöêàÿàêêóðàòíîñòüèïóíêòóàëüíîñòü.Ýòîêà÷åñòâîíåïðåìåííîñëåäóåòó÷èòûâàòüíàøèì, íåâñåãäà îáÿçàòåëüíûìäåëîâûìëþäÿì.

Íåìåöêàÿàêêóðàòíîñòü÷àñòîäîõîäèò äî ïåäàíòè÷íîñòè.Ñëåäóåòçàìåòèòü,÷òî î÷åíü÷àñòî âàøíåìåöêèéïàðòíåðìîæåò ïîñòóïàòüïðîñòîîñêîðáèòåëüíîïî íàøèì ñòàíäàðòàì. Ãåðìàíèèÿâëÿåòñÿâïîëíå åñòåñòâåííûìçàêðûâàòüíà êëþ÷òåëåôîííûé àïïàðàòèëè êñåðîêñ,íî ýòî íåñëåäóåò âîñïðèíèìàòüêàêïðîÿâëåíèåíåäîâåðèÿèëè íåóâàæåíèÿê âàì ëè÷íî.Íåìåö âïîëíåìîæåò íåïîäåëèòüñÿ ñâàìèçàâòðàêîì,çàõâà÷åííûìèç äîìà,ïðèãëàñèââàñ âðåñòîðàí, îí âïîëíåâåðîÿòíîáóäåòîæèäàòü, ÷òîâû çàïëàòèòåçà ñåáÿ. Ýòîïðîÿâëåíèåäðóãîãî âîñïèòàíèÿ,ïðèâåðæåííîñòèäðóãèìòðàäèöèÿì.

Øâåöèÿ

Øâåäûèçâåñòíû âîâñåì ìèðåñâîåé ãëóáîêîóêîðåíèâøåéñÿëþòåðàíñêîéäåëîâîé ýòèêîé,êîòîðàÿíàèáîëååáëèçêà êãåðìàíñêîé,íî, ïîæàëóé,íå ñòîëüñóõà. Ê ååõàðàêòåðíûì÷åðòàìîòíîñÿòñÿïðåæäå âñåãîïðèëåæíîñòü,ïóíêòóàëüíîñòü,àêêóðàòíîñòü,ñåðüåçíîñòü,îñíîâàòåëüíîñòü,ïîðÿäî÷íîñòüèíàäåæíîñòüâîòíîøåíèÿõ.

Øâåäñêèåáèçíåñìåíûèìåþòðåïóòàöèþ î÷åíüáîëüøèõôîðìàëèñòîâ,õîòÿ ýòîäàëåêî íåâñåãäàñîîòâåòñòâóåþòåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè,îñîáåííîñðåäèìîëîäîãîïîêîëåíèÿ.

Âèçèòíûåêàðòî÷êè

 Åâðîïåâèçèòíàÿêàðòî÷êàóæå äàâíîñòàëàâàæíûìèíñòðóìåíòîìíàëàæèâàíèÿäåëîâûõêîíòàêòîâ,ïîääåðæàíèÿîòíîøåíèé. Âòî âðåìÿ, êàêâ Ðîññèèäàëåêî íåâñå áèçíåñìåíûèìåþòâèçèòíûåêàðòî÷êè, âÅâîðïå âûìîæåòå ïîðîþîñêîðáèòüñâîåãîïàðòíåðà ïîïåðåãîâîðàì,íå äàâ åìóñâîþâèçèòíóþêàðòî÷êó.Îñîáåííîñèëüíû ýòèòðàäèöèè âþæíûõñòðàíàõÅâðîïû – âîÔðàíöèè,Èòàëèè,Èñïàíèè,Ïîðòóãàëèè.

Ëþáîåçíàêîìñòâîñáèçíåñìåíàìèâ ýòèõñòðàíàõíà÷èíàåòñÿñ îáÿçàòåëüíîãîîáìåíàâèçèòíûèêàðòî÷êàìè,ïîýòîìó ïðèäåëîâîìîáùåíèèâñåãäà íåîáõîäèìîèìåòü ññîáîéäîñòàòî÷íîåèõêîëè÷åñòâî.Åñëè â îòâåòíàïðîòÿíóòóþ âèçèòíóþêàðòî÷êó âûíå äàäèòåñâîþ, òî ñëåäóåòèçâèíèòüñÿ,îáúÿñíèâïðè÷èíó è ïîîáåùàâïîñëàòü ååïðè ïåðâîéâîçìîæíîñòè.

Êàêèì áûíåïðîäîëæèòåëüíûìíå áûëî âàøå ïåðâîåçíàêîìñòâî,ïðèñëåäóþùåéâñòðå÷åáèçíåñìåí,èìåþùèéâàøóâèçèòíóþêàðòî÷êó íåñòàíåòîòíîñèòüñÿê âàì êàê ê àáñîëþòíîíåçíàêîìîìó÷åëîâåêó.

Âèçèòíàÿêàðòî÷êà âîÔðàíöèè

Åñëè íàâñòðå÷å ñôðàíöóçñêîéñòîðîíûïðèñóòñòâóþòíåñêîëüêî÷åëîâåê (èçîäíîéîðãàíèçàöèè),âèçèòíàÿêàðòî÷êàâðó÷àåòñÿëèöó,çàíèìàþùåìóáîëååâûñîêîåïîëîæåíèå.Ôðàíöóçû ïðèäàþòáîëüøîåçíà÷åíèåîáðàçîâàíèþñîáåñåäíèêà,ïîýòîìóðåêîìåíäóåòñÿóêàçàòü íàâèçèòíîéêàðòî÷êåîêîí÷åííîåâûñøååó÷åáíîåçûâàäåíèå,îñîáåííî,åñëè îíîïîëüçóåòñÿõîðîøåéðåïóòàöèåé;äàëåå íóæíîïðîñëåäèòüçàïðàâèëüíûìïåðåâîäîì òåêñòàêàðòî÷êè íàôðàíöóçñêèéÿçûê.

Âèçèòíûåêàðòî÷êè âÈòàëèè

Âèòàëüÿíñêîéïðàêòèêåâïîëíåíîðìàëüíà ñèòóàèÿ,åñëè çàíÿâ âðåçóëüòàòåêàäðîâûõïåðåñòàíîâîêíîâîå ìåñòî,âûâîñïîëüçóåòåñüíàêîïëåííûìâàøèìïðåäøåñòâåííèêîìêàòàëîãîìâèçèòíûõêàðòî÷åê äëÿçàâÿçûâàíèÿïîëåçíûõäåëîâûõñâÿçåé.

Ïîäàðêè

Ïîäàðêè –ýòî äàâíèéñïîñîáîêàçàíèÿâíèìàíèÿ,ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ,ïðèíÿòûé è âäåëîâîé ñðåäå.Îäíàêî,ñëåäóåòïîíèìàòü,÷òî òðàäèöèè,ñâÿçàííûå ñïîäàðêàìè,îñîáåííîðàçíÿòñÿ îòñòðàíû êñòðàíå.Ïðàâèëà,îïðåäåëÿþùèåóìåñòíîñòüòîãî èëèèíîãîïîäàðêà ñèëüíîçàâèñÿò îòòðàäèöèéñòðàíû, à òå, âñâîþ î÷åðåäü –îò ååìåñòîïîëîæåíèÿ.

 åâðîïåéñêîìîáùåñòâå èäåëîâûõêðóãàõ óæå âûðàáîòàíîïðåäåëåííûéðèòóàëäàðåíèÿ è îïðåäåëåíêðóã òîâàðîâ,êîòîðûåðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿíå êàêâçÿòêè, à êàêïîäàðêè. Êýòèì òîâàðàìîòíîñÿòñÿêàëåíäàðè,çàïèñíûå êíèæêè,çàæèãàëêè,ôèðìåííûåàâòîðó÷êè, à íàÐîæäåñòâî –àëêîãîëüíûåíàïèòêè.Íåîáõîäèìîîòìåòèòü,÷òîïðåäñòàâèòåëèåâðîïåéñêèõôèðì î÷åíüùåïåòèëüíîîòíîñÿòñÿ êàêê ïîëó÷åíèþ,òàê è äà÷åïîäàðêîâ,êîòîðûåðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿíå òîëüêîêàê ñèìâîëûè çíàêèâíèìàíèÿ, àêàêèíñòðóìåíòûîêàçàíèÿîïðåäåëåííîãîäàâëåíèÿ íàïñèõèêóïàðòíåðà.Íåãëàñíûéêîäåêñïîâåäåíèÿáèçíåñìåíàîñóæäàåòïîäîáíóþïðàêòèêó.

Ïîäàðêè âÂåëèêîáðèòàíèè

Åñëè âäåëîâûõêðóãàõñòàíåòèçâåñòíî, ÷òîòå èëè èíûåôèðìû, âåðíååèõïðåäñòàâèòåëè,çàìåøàíû âïîäîáíûõäåéñòâèÿõ,òî äîâåðèå êíèì ìîæåòáûòüïîäîðâàíèî.Èíîãäà òàêèìáèçíåñìåíàìäàæåïðèõîäèòñÿóõîäèòü èçïðèâû÷íîéäëÿ íèõ ñôåðûäåÿòåëüíîñòèè ìåíÿòüïðîôèëüðàáîòû.

Ñïåöèôèêàïîäàðêîâðîññèÿíàì

Îäíàêî âîòíîøåíèèïîäàðêîâ äëÿïðåäñòàâèòåëåéñîâåòñêèõîðãàíèçàöèé,êîòîðûå ìîæíîðàññìàòðèâàòüêàê âçÿòêè,äåëàþòñÿîïðåäåëåííûåïîñëàáëåíèÿ.Ó÷èòûâàÿñïåöèôèêóðàáîòûñîâåòñêèõëþäåé çàðóáåæîì,íåêîòîðûåàíãëèéñêèåôèðìûïåðåõîäÿòýòè÷åñêèåíîðìû è î÷åíüòîíêîäåëàþòïîäàðêè. Âñâÿçè ñ ýòèìíåîáõîäèìîíå òîëüêî íåíàïðàøèâàòüñÿíà ïîäàðêè,íî è ñåáÿâåñòè òàê,÷òîáûèñêëþ÷èòüâñÿêóþâîçìîæíîñòüäëÿàíãëèéñêîéôèðìû“âñó÷èòü” òóèëè èíóþâåùü Îòýòîãî âàøå“ðåíî&igrav